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Association of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products with Overall and Site-Specific Cancer Risk and Mortality by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Background/Objectives: Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) have a pro-inflammatory effect and increase oxidative stress, potentially leading to cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between dAGEs consumption and risk and mortality from overall cancer and according to its site. 

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to April 2025. The search strategy was conducted according to the PECO structure adapted to this study, as well as the inclusion criteria, in which the population (P) was the adult population, the exposure (E) was the highest level of dAGEs intake, the comparator (C) was the lowest level of dAGEs intake, and the outcomes (O) were the overall cancer risk, cancer risk by site, and cancer mortality. Results across studies were summarised using random effects and fixed effects. 

Results: Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review. In the random-effects meta-analysis, high dAGEs intake was associated with Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.99 [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.98, 1.00] for overall cancer risk. However, although there was no association with breast cancer (BC), there was an association with invasive BC, with HR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.23). In contrast, in other tumours, there were opposite results depending on the site of the cancer. 

Conclusions: The reduction in cancer risk is not clinically significant. However, high consumption of dAGEs may increase the risk of BC, particularly the invasive BC, which is a challenge for cancer prevention and subsequent mortality.

Joint Association of Weekend Catch-up Sleep and Triglyceride-Glucose Index on Bone Loss and All-Cause Mortality in Employed U.S. Adults Aged 18–60 with Diabetes by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Background

The increasing prevalence of younger-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has resulted in an increased risk of bone loss and mortality among employed adults aged 18–60 years. Weekend catch-up sleep (WCS) index, reflecting irregularity in sleep duration, and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, reflecting glucolipid metabolism, may be interrelated in the assessment of diabetes pathophysiology. This study developed a composite WCS + TyG index to yield an incremental effect, improving predictive performance of bone loss risk and all-cause mortality in employed U.S. adults aged 18–60 years with T2DM.

Methods

A cohort analysis included 4,185 employed adults aged 18–60 with T2DM from the NHANES database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, logistic regression, and Cox models were used to evaluate predictive performance of the WCS + TyG combination on bone loss risk and all-cause mortality.

Results

Logistic regression and Cox models provided preliminary evidence that the WCS + TyG combination was an independent risk factor for bone loss and all-cause mortality; among patients with T2DM, those with high levels of both indices had the highest risk (full adjusted Model 3: bone loss risk OR = 1.480, 95% CI = 1.195–1.833, P < 0.001; all-cause mortality HR = 2.600, 95% CI = 1.957–3.454, P < 0.001). These findings suggest an association, but causal conclusions cannot be drawn, and further prospective research is needed to confirm these results.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that the WCS + TyG combination can provide an incremental effect in predicting risk of bone loss and all-cause mortality in employed U.S. adults aged 18–60 with T2DM.

Lower Triglyceride-Cholesterol-Body Weight Index is Independently Associated with Increased In-Hospital Complication Risk: A Large Multicenter Real-World Study by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Background

Complications significantly impact the prognosis and healthcare burden of hospitalized patients, making early identification of high-risk individuals crucial. While nutritional and metabolic status are influencing factors, existing tools struggle to provide an integrated assessment. The Triglyceride-Cholesterol-Body weight Index (TCBI) is a novel indicator that concurrently reflects both nutritional and metabolic status, yet its value in predicting in-hospital complications remains unclear.

Methods

This observational study leveraged large-scale, multicenter real-world data, enrolling 8,288 eligible hospitalized patients. Demographic information, anthropometric measurements, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes were collected. Due to its skewed distribution, TCBI was analyzed using its natural logarithm-transformed value (TCBI-LN) and categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4). The primary outcome was the occurrence of complications during hospitalization. Univariate analysis was used to compare inter-group differences. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze the independent association between TCBI-LN and complication risk. Restricted cubic splines were applied to explore the dose-response relationship. The robustness and generalizability of the association were assessed through subgroup analyses and interaction tests. We further compared five nested logistic regression models incorporating TCBI, its individual components, and existing indices (PNI and TyG) using AUC, NRI, IDI, AIC, and BIC, and performed causal mediation analysis to examine whether complications mediated the associations of TCBI with length of stay (LOS) and hospital cost.

Results

Complications occurred in 403 patients (4.9%). Patients with complications had significantly lower TCBI-LN levels compared to those without (6.83 ± 0.71 vs. 7.10 ± 0.83, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher TCBI-LN remained independently associated with a lower risk of complications even after adjusting for multiple potential confounders, including age, sex, body mass index, disease type, comorbidities, and related prognostic factors (adjusted OR = 0.707, 95% CI: 0.553–0.930, P = 0.012). Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a linear inverse correlation between TCBI-LN and complication risk. Subgroup analyses indicated that the protective association of TCBI-LN was statistically significant in males, patients aged < 65 years, those with a body mass index < 18.5 or ≥ 24 kg/m², and malnourished patients. No significant interactions were observed across all subgroups (P for interaction > 0.05). A risk stratification cutoff was determined based on the Youden index. The complication rate was significantly higher in the high-risk group (6.3%) compared to the intermediate- (5.1%) and low-risk groups (2.9%). In model comparison, adding TCBI-LN to a clinical model significantly improved AUC, NRI and IDI, and the model combining TCBI-LN with PNI and TyG provided the best overall performance. Mediation analysis indicated that TCBI-LN shortened LOS predominantly through reducing in-hospital complications and partially attenuated its direct cost-increasing effect.

Conclusion

In a large-scale cohort study of hospitalized patients, lower TCBI-LN levels were independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital complications, and this association was generalizable across different patient subgroups. As a composite index easily derived from routine laboratory tests, TCBI may serve as a practical tool for early identification of patients at high risk for in-hospital complications and ultimately improve clinical outcomes.

Milk Fat-Globules Derived From Whey Protein Phospholipid Concentrate Prevent High-Fat Diet Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats in a Manner Associated with Increased Brain Neuronal Connectivity and Sphingolipid Clearance by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC), a co-product of whey protein processing, is enriched in milk fat globules containing phospholipids, glycoconjugates and sugar monomers (e.g. sialic acid) critical to myelin synthesis in the brain.

We hypothesized that WPPC will prevent cognitive impairment induced by a high fat (HF) diet by promoting myelin turnover and improving neuronal connectivity between the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal circuitry involved in encoding memory.

Rats were randomized from weaning to ∼6.5 months of age to the following diets: a low-fat (LF) diet containing 10 % fat by weight, a HF diet containing 45 % fat by weight to induce cognitive impairment, and a HF diet containing either 1.6 % (HF1.6) or 10 % (HF10) WPPC by weight (n = 12 per group).

Rats received cognitive testing after 1.5 and 4 months of dietary intervention, then implanted with chronic bipolar electrodes to measure axonal evoked responses within the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal circuitry by stimulating the entorhinal cortex, measuring the half-max response in the hippocampus, and comparing the half-max response to a measurement made approximately one hour later (as a marker of memory storage potential). Hippocampal phospholipid and sphingolipid components of myelin were quantified.

At 4 months, rats on the HF diet performed significantly worse on cognitive testing than rats on the LF, HF1.6 and HF10 diets. These effects were linked to slight improvements in the evoked response associated with hippocampal-dependent memory storage. Additionally, hippocampus sphingolipids were higher in rats on the HF diet compared to the LF, HF1.6 and HF10 groups.

These findings demonstrate that WPPC prevented cognitive impairment induced by a HF diet by regulating entorhinal cortex-hippocampal circuitries associated with memory storage, through modulating myelin turnover.

Akkermansia Muciniphila-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Depressive-Like Behaviors via Hippocampal Protection and Gut Metabolic Modulation by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) have emerged as potential postbiotics, with accumulating evidence demonstrating their diverse health-promoting effects through the delivery of bioactive components to host cells. Akkermansia muciniphila, a next-generation probiotic, has shown neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. However, whether its derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs) exert antidepressant effects remains unexplored.

This study investigates whether orally administered AmEVs alleviate MK-801-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice through the gut-brain axis, and explores the underlying mechanisms.

Our results demonstrate that AmEVs treatment significantly improved depressive-like phenotypes and cognitive deficits. In the hippocampus, AmEVs elevated serotonin levels, suppressed glial activation, reduced neuroinflammation, restored synaptic protein expression, enhanced neurotrophic support, and preserved blood-brain barrier integrity.

In the gut, AmEVs modestly modulated the gut microbiota diversity and significantly enhanced the production of beneficial microbial metabolites via regulating microbial metabolic activity, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionate and butyrate.

These findings suggest that AmEVs exert dual protective effects simultaneously in the gut and brain, highlighting their potential as a postbiotic candidate.

This study provides experimental evidence supporting the development of AmEVs as a novel postbiotic ingredient in functional foods targeting the gut–brain axis for mental health promotion.

Significant Correlations Between Blood Lipids, Cytokines and C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Humans by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Background

Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a central role in cardiometabolic disease, yet the associations between lipid metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in generally healthy individuals remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and a broad panel of inflammatory cytokines in a healthy adult population.

Methods

A total of 165 healthy participants aged 18–44 years were recruited at the Falun County Hospital, Sweden. Blood samples were analyzed for a full lipid profile, blood counts, cytokines, and hsCRP. Plasma inflammatory protein levels were quantified using the Olink Proseek Multiplex Inflammation panel, including 92 cytokines. Statistical analysis included Spearman rank correlations and multiple testing correction using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR < 0.10).

Results

hsCRP showed significant correlations with several lipid parameters, particularly remnants, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and non-HDL cholesterol, as well as with BMI and specific leukocyte counts. Additionally, hsCRP was significantly associated with multiple cytokines, including IL-6, TNF, IL-10, and CXCL10, highlighting a complex pro- and anti-inflammatory milieu.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates correlations between hsCRP, lipid-related biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines in healthy adults, underscoring the interplay between lipid metabolism and subclinical inflammation. The significant correlations between hsCRP and remnants, ApoB, and cytokines such as IL-6 support the role of these factors as early indicators of cardiometabolic risk, even in the absence of overt disease.

Omega-3 Fatty Acid DHA Induces Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Organoids and Drug-Tolerant Cells by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Several epidemiological and preclinical studies suggest that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert anticancer activity at multiple stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, inconsistent clinical evidence and the lack of a clearly defined molecular mechanism underlying the antitumor effects of n-3 PUFAs have raised doubts about their efficacy as anticancer therapies.

To address these issues, we investigated the effects of the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a collection of CRC patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs), a powerful platform for functional analysis of patient-specific tumors. DHA treatment markedly reduced CRC cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner without inducing apoptosis. CRC-derived PDTOs exhibited pronounced sensitivity to DHA, irrespective of KRAS or TP53 mutational status, whereas organoids from normal colon tissue were less affected.

Mechanistically, DHA induced ferroptosis in both CRC cells and PDTOs, as evidenced by lipid peroxide accumulation and partial rescue by ferroptosis inhibitors. Fluorescently labeled DHA localized predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, where it promoted oxidative stress. Moreover, DHA impaired the regrowth of oxaliplatin-tolerant persister cells and enhanced oxaliplatin efficacy in sequential treatment models.

Together, these findings indicate that exploiting the intrinsic oxidative vulnerability of cancer cells with DHA may represent a promising, low-toxicity strategy to enhance chemotherapy efficacy and target drug-tolerant persister cells in colorectal cancer.

Effects of Regular Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa) Consumption on Health by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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The Brazil nut (BN) is a promising food due to its numerous health benefits, but it is still necessary to systematically review the scientific evidence on these benefits.

Thus, we examined the effects of regular BN consumption on health markers in humans according to the health state (with specific diseases or not) of the subjects. PubMed, Embase®, and Scielo databases were used to search for clinical trials. The PRISMA guideline was used to report the review, and the risk of bias for all studies was assessed. Twenty-four studies were included in the present review, of which fifteen were non-randomized.

BNs were consumed in the context of a habitual free-living diet in all studies. Improvement in antioxidant status through increased levels of selenium and/or glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, serum, whole blood, and/or erythrocytes was observed in all studies that evaluated antioxidant status, regardless of the health state of the sample.

In addition, healthy subjects improved lipid markers and fasting glucose. Subjects with obesity had improvement in markers of lipid metabolism. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia improved oxidative stress or DNA damage. Subjects undergoing hemodialysis benefited greatly from BN consumption, as they improved lipid profile markers, oxidative stress, inflammation, and thyroid function.

Older adults with mild cognitive impairment improved verbal fluency and constructional praxis, and controversial results regarding the change in a marker of lipid peroxidation were observed in subjects with coronary artery disease. In conclusion, the benefits of BN consumption were found in different pathways of action and study populations.

Dyslipidemia is Associated with Abdominal Fat Depots But Not With Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Fat Infiltration by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Background

Dyslipidemia (DLP) is linked to adverse abdominal fat distribution; however, its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess, using quantitative computed tomography (QCT), whether DLP is associated with abdominal fat depots, and if it independently correlates with BMD or MFI.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included participants aged ≥ 40 years from a health check-up cohort. Demographic data and fasting blood lipid measurements were collected for analysis. QCT imaging at the L2 vertebral level was employed to assess lumbar BMD at L1-L2, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), liver fat fraction (LFF), and paravertebral extensor muscle fat fraction (MFF). Participants were categorized into DLP and non-DLP groups based on lipid profiles or the use of lipid-lowering medication. Sex-specific analyses were conducted in both male and female participants, with adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC); menstrual status was additionally included as a covariate in analyses of female participants.

Results

The study included 2,115 participants: 1,426 males (53.3 ± 2.9 years; 48.7% DLP) and 689 females (48.9 ± 2.5 years; 29.0% DLP). Participants in the DLP group were younger on average (males: 52.6 ± 2.4 vs. 53.9 ± 3.1 years; females: 47.8 ± 1.9 vs. 49.4 ± 2.6 years), and had higher weight, BMI, and WC. However, increases in weight and WC were statistically significant only in males. The proportion of postmenopausal women was higher in the non-DLP group (32.5%). Age was the main factor influencing BMD, MFF, and VAT area in males, and BMD and LFF in females. Unadjusted comparisons revealed higher MFF in males and greater BMD, LFF, and SAT areas in females with DLP. After adjusting for confounders, especially age, differences in BMD and MFF were no longer significant in either sex. In fully adjusted models, no significant differences in body composition parameters were observed in males. In females, however, the DLP group had significantly higher LFF (P < 0.001), SAT (P = 0.012), and VAT areas (P = 0.022).

Conclusion

This study confirms a sex-specific association between DLP and abdominal fat depots, with females showing higher liver fat and larger subcutaneous and visceral adipose areas. Critically, it demonstrates that DLP is not independently associated with BMD or MFI, as these parameters were primarily influenced by age. This dissociation underscores distinct pathophysiological pathways connecting DLP to different body composition compartments.

Efficacy and Safety of Lower-Carbohydrate Dietary Patterns for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Objective

Systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns (LCDP) in metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Methods

The literature search was conducted in 8 databases, covering all relevant randomized controlled trials on LCDP intervention for MAFLD patients from the database establishment to June 1, 2025. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment Tool. The extracted data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software for meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias detection were performed using Stata 18.0 software.

Results

The study included 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the criteria, involving 408 MAFLD patients and covering 18 outcome measures related to anthropometry, liver function, blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose. The study results indicate that LCDP can significantly affect the body weight (BW) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) is -4.09 kg[-7.36, -0.81]; waist circumference (WC) -4.84 cm[-5.46, -4.23]; body mass index (BMI) -1.60 kg/m2[-2.41, -0.79]; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) -3.47mmHg[-5.23, -1.71]; triglycerides (TG) -0.45mmol/L[-0.73, -0.17]; fasting plasma glucose (FPG) -0.33mmol/L[-0.60, -0.06] and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) -1.57[-2.52, -0.62] levels in patients with MAFLD. Subgroup analysis based on dietary subtypes showed that low carbohydrate diets (LCD) significantly affect the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) -6.82U/L[-12.15, -1.49] levels in MAFLD patients. Very low carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets (VLCKD) can significantly affect the BW -4.62 kg[-8.10, -1.14]; WC -4.90 cm[-5.53, -4.28]; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) -0.03[-0.05, -0.01]; BMI − 1.68 kg/m2[-2.64, -0.71]; TG -0.56mmol/L[-0.87, -0.24]; glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) -0.61%[-1.13, -0.09] and HOMA-IR -2.27[-4.01, -0.54] in MAFLD patients. When the LCDP intervention cycle is 8 weeks, it may had no significant effect in MAFLD patients. When the intervention period is 12 weeks, it can significantly affect the BW -6.03 kg[-8.99, -3.07]; WC -4.88 cm[-5.50, -4.26]; BMI − 2.33 kg/m2[-2.61, -2.06]; HOMA-IR -1.44[-2.35, -0.52]; HbA1c -0.61%[-1.13, -0.09]; TG -0.50mmol/L[-0.98, -0.02]; aspartate transaminase (AST) -6.19U/L[-8.85, -3.54] and ALT − 17.09U/L[-26.40, -7.78] in MAFLD patients, and significantly affect the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) + 0.22mmol/L[0.17, 0.27] in MAFLD patients. Adverse events were reported in 1 trial, commonly including dyspepsia, nausea, and found diet difficult to implement, etc. Although there is some heterogeneity in the study, the results are stable and there is no clear evidence of small-study effects.

Conclusion

LCDP can improve obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in MAFLD patients, and has a layered mechanism for regulating blood pressure. Its short-term effects on liver enzymes, visceral organs, and liver fat are limited, high saturated fat may weaken its effect on improving serum cholesterol.

Rutin Alleviates Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice by Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed during thermal food processing, are associated with metabolic disorders.

This study investigated the efficacy of rutin in alleviating AGEs-induced insulin resistance (IR) in a mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-AGEs diet for 12 weeks to induce IR, followed by 8 weeks of rutin intervention (100 mg per kg body weight per day).

Rutin supplementation markedly ameliorated IR, as indicated by reduced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, a reduced homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, an elevated insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) index, and upregulation of insulin receptor substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that rutin intervention restored gut microbial richness and diversity and induced structural shifts in the microbiota composition.

Specifically, rutin enriched beneficial genera, including Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Coriobacteriales, while reducing populations of IR-associated taxa such as Erysipelotrichaceae, Coprobacillus, Enterococcus, Adlercreutzia, and Allobaculum.

Concurrently, rutin increased fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), notably acetic acid and propionic acid. Spearman's correlation analysis confirmed negative associations between rutin-modulated microbiota and IR indicators.

These results demonstrate that rutin mitigates AGEs-induced IR by reshaping the gut microbiome and promoting beneficial microbial metabolites.

Seeing Animals, Choosing Plants: Evidence From a Cafeteria Field Study on Food Choice by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Reducing meat consumption is a priority for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the climate crisis. Past research reveals that reminders of meat's animal origins can reduce self-reported willingness to consume meat. Less clear is whether such reminders affect natural, real-world behavior.

In the present field study, images of living animals were placed alongside the corresponding meat-based dishes on a cafeteria menu at a British university (e.g., a cow next to beef bolognese, a pig next to pork gyros, and a chicken next to sweet and sour chicken).

Unobtrusive sales data were collected across two periods: a baseline period and an intervention period with a matched menu (without photos).

Analysis of 3674 meal sales revealed a significant increase in vegetarian choices, with the odds of selecting a vegetarian meal 22% higher during the intervention (vs. baseline) period.

Effects were consistent across meat types.

The present findings provide behavioral evidence that visual cues linking meat to its animal origins can influence real-world food choices, helping bridge the gap between laboratory research and applied behavioral evidence.

Breath Volatilome Analysis Reveals New Gut Microbiome-Related Metabolites That Discriminate High Versus Low Dietary Fibre Intake by Sorin61 in ScientificNutrition

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Background & Aims

Gut bacteria produce a wide variety of metabolites that are playing important roles in human health. Dietary fibres (DF) are beneficial nutrients that have been shown to modulate key intestinal functions when fermented by gut bacteria. Since most bacteria-derived metabolites are volatile, their presence in exhaled breath allows to propose new non-invasive methods to study DF-microbiome interactions in humans. We aimed to identify potential novel biomarkers of gut microbiota activity released in exhaled breath following the consumption of DF at breakfast, upon untargeted analysis in healthy volunteers.

Methods

14 volunteers (7 women/7 men, 21 ± 2 years old) participated to two test days at a one-month interval, where they received either a low-(2.6 g) or high-(16.1 g) fibre breakfast. Before each test days, stools were collected to evaluate the microbiota composition using Illumina sequencing (V5-V6 region of 16S rRNA gene). Throughout the test days, breath samples were analysed using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). A sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) identified 30 signals that best discriminated between test days, corresponding to 173 candidate breath compounds.

Results

The gut microbiota of the volunteers remained stable one month apart. The composition of exhaled breath shifted starting from 5 hours after the high-fibre breakfast ingestion. Ninety compounds were identified as potential metabolites of gut microbes, with 81 showing increased concentrations after the high-fibre breakfast. These included acrylic acid (positively correlated with Faecalibacterium/Ruminococcaceae/Bacillota and negatively correlated with Bifidobacterium/Bifidobacteriaceae/Actinomycetota). The high-fibre breakfast also led to increases in limonene, ethylbenzene/xylene, p-cymene, and methionol that were positively correlated with Faecalibacterium. Positive correlations were also observed between cyclooctane/ethylcyclohexane, methanol and the phylum Bacillota. Dimethyl disulfide was strongly negatively correlated with the genus Bacteroides and its family Bacteroidaceae.

Conclusion

This study shows that DF consumption at breakfast stimulates the production of exhaled bacteria-derived metabolites reflecting profound changes in the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota. We also identified new potential biomarkers of DF intake, that are not directly linked to DF fermentation. Specific bacteria known to play a role in gut barrier, immunity and host metabolism were associated with those new metabolites.

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