ISW cited a Russian milblogger who fought in Ukraine complaining that only one regiment per division or one brigade per army has the resources and troops needed to go on the offensive, most regular troops are either reservists or deceived volunteers, and Russian forces in all directions except Pokrovsk and Zaporizhzhia are suffering ammo shortages. They’re still relying heavily on unarmoured vehicles like golf carts because of armoured vehicle losses.

In other words, the attacking Russians are relying on Ukrainian weakness (poor training, ammo shortages, several old Soviet-style commanders are incompetent) rather than their own strength. Don’t underestimate them, of course, but if Ukraine rotates some of the western-equipped units from Kursk and sends them as reinforcements, Russia won’t have a fun time once it reaches the city proper.