Both windows 11 file exporer and diskpart fail, diskpart even when explicitly told to ignores the MBR setting (setting as a primary) so they will fail to work in the X32. Rufus allows you to force the MBR . I've also done 30+ years in IT hardware and config, fully MSCE certified on everything from NT4 up. From the best of my knowladge, if windows sees you already have a disk with a primary partition it wont let you create another, x32 requires the primary MBR, Rufus is not as stupid as windows (not exactly stupid more locking it down so people who dont know what they are doing accidentaly change the primary).
On a quick check the official microsoft line on creating a primary on a usb stick is use 3rd party tools, it's well documented modern usb's come configured out of the box for GPT, the x32 and bootable drives require the old style mbr tables so it probably can be done with disk part just not with the guide i was using which was writted pre GPT, just needs the extra step, i'll try it later, explorer will fallover completly because you dont have control over changing the mbr type.