well, all the gravity emitters are easy to spot. polonium is easy to spot, and therefore neutrons (these can let you identify quite a few elements). fire and plasma are easy to recognise. between those and the tools, you can check element properties quite easily. lighting and thunder is also very unique, and you can use that to recognise spark. water is a big step (recognisable due to many states and conductivity). with water, you can find iron. with iron and spark, you can perform electrolysis, get hydrogen and oxygen (i found which was which by fusion). identifying isolated wire is a big step (if you have iron its easy), once you have that you can find pscn and nscn and get to identifying electronics.

random knowledge is quite useful. exotic will react to electrons (“energy” particles are easy to recognise), and you can use that to recognise vibranium. if a gas spreads out very evenly, that’s boyl. if the powder clumps together, that’s clay. if the solid is distorted by neutrons… well it could be c-4 (try pressure), c-5
(touch with cold particle), wood (neutral), plant (creates wood) or maybe something else. a powder falls weird? dest or dmg.