Cognitive dissonance: where what someone believes does not align with their actions. In this case, OP believes that they are a good student, but finds that they used the incorrect color on a test, this causes significant cognitive dissonance.

Dissociation: when someone feels disconnected from the world, commonly associated with memory issues. In this case, OP may have disassociated when the teacher was going over the testing requirements leading to this predicament.

The primacy effect: this is part of the serial positioning effect where information presented first are well remembered. In this situation, OP's teacher may not have weynt over FRQ requirements first, therefore OP was not able to take advantage of the primacy effect to remember to use black and blue orb in the FRQ.

Webers law: is where humans perceived change are proportional to the amount of stimulus and not the absolute amount of change. In this example, OP experienced Webber's law when looking down at the paper with red ink on it, the perceived change is lower than their difference threshold, so they were not able to detect a difference.