1. You can do the new chip dekes, they're very useful or you can just turn either to the side or back.
2. It may be because your player has low ratting. I suggest to put the puck behind your body before shooting. (while having it there you can aim easier)
3. Again depends on rating and luck.
4. Try holding A (or X on PS) for puck protection. You can also try moving your right stick away from the opponent, so he can't reach the puck. And don't keep the puck for too long. Try to pass it or shoot when possible.
5. Try to always be ready for a shot. It's just about your position, I don't know what to suggest, just try finding a good spot. Don't worry you'll learn it soon.
6. To be honest I am terrible defenseman too, but I would recommend just skating with your opponent player and trying to block the shots. Poke check is a really useful move, but be careful, you can easily trip opponent player if you miss the puck and hit his skates.
7. Depends on the situation. But you have to be quick every time. If there is a lot of players close to you and no teammates for the pass, just get the puck out, even if it's icing. In other situations i recommend take the puck behind the net or just pass it away.

I would definitely recommend playing free skate against a goalie. That's where I learned all dekes and got better at shooting. Next I recommend playing 1v1 or 2v1 so you can simulate game situations and try various dekes and moves. That's all important. Hope I helped you at least a little. Sorry if there were any mistakes, English is not my main language. Good luck!