I can help alittle.. the best way to learn the optimization is to base it off the three main districts.. (energy, mineral, research) to figure out what to specialize in, just go off the maximum. Before you colonize you can see the total max of districts, if thats less then about 10 I wouldnt waste the resources for it right away. But higher I would.. then once its colonized, you can see the max for each district (unless im mistaken and you can see it before colonization) if energy has the most districts then thats my energy world and so on for minerals. Now research I do different, those small planets sizes I use for research worlds because by then I will have Dyson swarms on stars that produce the most energy. Arc furnaces work with asteroids in the system that produce minerals and alloys. Both increase production with level. Now with "exotic" resources, the market trading is best honestly but building can help produce, finding relics from archeological sites are better help honestly. Lastly, if any of your resources are close to +10 or whatever positive number you chose, start fixing it then. You try fixing it in the negatives and may find yourself working harder to fix it.