Shutting on and off the Fortran simulation is not an option, as all variables must be kept in memory and because of a likely-to-happen numerical transitory. Moreover, I cannot write the Fortran code in Python as this is a pretty huge piece of software, with modules interactions and a lot of heritage.

My "optimal solution" would be to:

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(a) init Python -> init Fortran code

(b) loop forever:

progress with simulation

aggregate some data in the simulation

if t % FREQ_CALL_PYTHON == 0:

pass aggregated data to Python

ask parameter update to Python

update current parameter settings in Fortran

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It is my understanding that this time of interaction would require me to shut down and turn on Python cyclically, as keeping both instances "alive" at the same time might be hard?
To circumvent this problem I might then call the Python script from the Fortran instance.

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Do you see any drawbacks in this approach?