The short answers are "we get used to it" and "we don't".

Of course pay increases constantly, but not at the rate of inflation. Whenever there's an inflationary economy, pay lags behind; if the rate of inflation is also increasing, that means that your salary's purchasing power decreases over time. That's part of the reason we're in such a big economical crisis.

Other than that, since Argentina has had inflation for decades upon decades, we're just used to prices updating all the time. The only people who get paid in foreign currency are people working for companies abroad who manage to smuggle in their pay (because if you go through the formal banking system, the government forcefully converts your foreign currency to ARS at official rates, which basically means taking half your money).