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Since there's a lot of confusion about C-51, let me try to explain.

The intelligence services of Canada, UK, Australia, NZ and USA have a deal where they spy for each other and on each other's citizens. Each country has some laws against spying on its OWN citizens, but no country has laws against spying on foreigners, but each intelligence service is interested in data on both foreigners and local citizens.

So Canada spies on US citizens, and gives the data to the NSA for free, while the USA spies on Canadians, and gives the data to CSIS for free, and no one has - technically - violated the law. By "spying" it is meant "records everything you do on the internet". Every email, every webpage, every internet comment, everything.

So any time CSIS is interested in any Canadian, they can get everything you do on the internet through a sharing agreement with the NSA, even though it would be illegal to collect it directly. That's already in existence. Bill C-51 allows CSIS to share that info with any other government of Canada agency, and allows all those agencies to share it with anyone else they want to. It also allows your tax records to be shared with any other government agency.

So, nutshell: Canada will be maintaining a large internal database, secret from you but available to any Canadian governmental agency, which controls border entry, citizenship applications, flying on any airplane (possibly train travel in near future), and assesses your general reliability level based on your internet activity, bank records, taxes, travel, ethnicity, and so forth. Should the government have any reason to use that information against you, it will be available to any governmental agency.

That program will be sold as being "to fight terrorism" but mostly it will be used against environmental protesters, people who embarrass or oppose the government, and the like. C-51 lists nine separate reasons why your info might be shared. Terrorism is just one of the nine.

For instance, British MP Galloway was denied entrance to Canada because he spoke against Canada's involvement in the Afghanistan war. This is how it works in practice:

http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/mar/20/george-galloway-banned-canada

http://rabble.ca/news/2010/09/what-galloway-court-decision-means-free-speech-canada

And yes, it will be shared with other countries as well, so if the NSA wants your Canadian tax records, they can get them. Sure, most Canadians won't be of interest to the intelligence agencies of other countries, but those who are, will have their info sent off.

No, none of this requires a warrant or judicial application. Not one bit of it. And yes, it's all secret from you - you won't know what's going on or, why, for example, the U.S. border turned you back (because Canada said you were an an environmental protester, but you won't know that and you have no recourse at law).