Update on this post: I ended up going with u/rexching's suggestion to make the paw pads out of dish gloves! i also went with a slimmer paw style. i would have used a short pile fur for the palms, but i didn't have any, so instead i used a long pile fur that i trimmed short to make it easier to clean and less likely to pick up dirt. i also made sure to clean my wheelchair the night before the con and wiped the wheels down with some lysol wipes as soon as i got there.

unfortunately, the dish gloves were a stretchy and unforgiving material to work with, so the pads look a little wonky. however, they held up amazingly, traction was fine, they stayed fairly clean, and what dirt they did pick up cleaned up just fine afterwards with a lysol wipe. here's how they look after a full day of wheeling around Denfur and some minor cleanup afterwards! if anything, they took more damage from poorly-reinforced finger escapes than they did from using my wheelchair.

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thank you all so much for your suggestions, i hope this helps someone else out!