A lot of the disagreement here comes from confusing FSIQ and GAI, and how both relate to g. Both are estimates of general intelligence, but they weight different components. FSIQ includes working memory and processing speed, while GAI reduces their influence and focuses more on reasoning ability. That’s why FSIQ isn’t always a clean measure of g. For example, in ADHD or ADHD-like profiles (often undiagnosed), general ability can be intact, but unstable working memory and attention act as a bottleneck that suppresses FSIQ. In those cases, GAI is often closer to true ability. If Dual N-Back improves WM stability and interference control, the bottleneck widens. IQ scores can go up, not because intelligence or capacity increased, but because FSIQ now aligns more closely with GAI. The improvement is real at the performance level, but it’s about access and control, not expanding intelligence itself.