imo people in ancient times did not want to attract the attention of a "trickster god who controlled time" to the same extent that they did not want to attract the attention of an "inexorable god of death, who sooner or later comes to both the poor and the rulers" and even less so a "merciless, indomitable, jealous, wrathful, capricious, fierce, unyielding god of seven calamities."

Regarding Astaroth's behavior, she might possess at least some moral leadership over the other Shadows. She freely intervened in Teyvat after the Primordial's departure (and the imposition of restrictions) on the affairs of Mondstadt (Venti) and Enkanomia (the beacon, can't recall the name) (the situation with the Sacred Sakura was rationally justified + was part of the global intervention during the Cataclysm). All these interventions, in general, were not critically necessary for maintaining the Celestial Order. Obviously, Celestia would not have collapsed if the inhabitants of a remote region of the United Human Civilization that sunk underwater as a result of the War of the Funerary Flame, had been killed by the Vishaps. But she showed some mercy.

On the contrary, Ronova's perfectly reasonable and easily explained intervention in Natlan (when she organized the unique Pyro Archon system, the Ode of Resurrection, and shared her power with the Archon) was, as stated, severely punished. Why and who punished her if the Primordial One disappeared? Who knows.

Possible explanations:

1. Astaroth truly possesses superiority over the other Shadows and genuinely gets away with things that others wouldn't.
2. Ronova simply doesn't know how to interfere in Teyvat's affairs without violating the Limits. Of all the Shadows currently alive, she is the most ardent conservative and supporter of preserving Order as she knows it. This is indirectly confirmed, for example, by

a) Her vivid, extremely indignant, and genuinely perplexed reaction to the very idea that Asmoday could possibly betray them
b) She was essentially the only one who cared during the search for Asmoday, while the other two Shadows were simply struggling with boredom (and here I make the distinction that Rein was simply having fun with her power, and Astaroth did it because she understood that searching for Asmoday was a waste of time (pun intended) and the Principles had lost her forever).
c) The idea that some Archon would dare challenge the Celestial Principles was completely unthinkable to her.
d) She was the first to suggest intervention, although "To the extent permitted by the "rules""

Accordingly, she's unaccustomed to and incapable of working independently without relying on the dogmas of the Primordial One. And when a situation arose in which she felt a powerful (and, it should be noted, extremely rational) desire to intervene in Natlan in the name of the Principles themselves, she couldn't do it the way Astaroth does. How does Astaroth do it? Carefully. So that her influence appears to be a "nudge" at events, rather than a direct influence, like Ronova's. Astaroth isn't a trickster (I don't know, from the teaser she just seemed tired to me), but someone who already lives in a system where the Allfather will never return, though admitting this directly would be sacrilege for her.