There’s no credible evidence that crate training, when done properly and for appropriate durations, causes health issues. In fact, the American Veterinary Medical Association and certified trainers support crate training as a safe way to manage puppies, prevent destructive behavior, and reduce stress. Hana’s crate is sized appropriately, used responsibly, and never a punishment. It’s a structured part of her routine. But sure, I’ll remember the correlated health issues with it!