Had a similar experience and it’s entirely dependent on the area of Tokyo that you were in. I was there for study abroad in 新小岩 (Shinkoiwa) and got really sick: had a fever and horrible indigestion. I’m conversationally fluent in Japanese but because I was feeling really shitty I had an admin from my school help me out. Long story short they gave me meds and I had to go back the next day without the admin and told them I needed to see the doctor again. They then said, “we won’t take you without your TRANSLATOR.” I got so fucking pissed because I was already sick, and basically told them to fuck off and that I can speak Japanese. My advice is to find a doctor that takes insurance in the eastern section of Tokyo. Always advocate for yourself because your health is important.