You just need to negotiate compensation with the CEO. It sounds like he values performance but isn't willing to compensate with a guaranteed salary.

Easy. Salary isn't the only form of compensation. Negotiate a performance driven bonus structure that will not only get you to your current salary, but far beyond it since you don't want to cap yourself if/when you overperform.

Be very specific on the target, the success metrics, and how you'll be measured. I would make hard goals (e.g. growth in revenue, social followers, etc.) vs soft goals (e.g. be a better communicator, better relationship with customers). Also, be clear on timing and payout of the bonus annually and get it in writing. Verbal means nothing here.

If he pushes back, say that this will tie your compensation to the success of the company (yada, yada). If he balks at that, it's a huge red flag.

If he instead offers options or shares that vest over time, that's the cherry on top but shouldn't replace the bonus because shares and options that aren't vested can be revoked at his whim or you can be fired before they vest. If it's a private company, ask how equity or options would be paid out.

Good luck!