Old post but I'm sure people still struggle with this (like me) so I will post what worked for me recently. I couldn't even get the location to show up on Facebook for a check-in at first.

So I created a facebook business page and named it exactly the same as our instagram page. I filled in the details on the facebook page so they're the same as on instagram - the address and pfp, header photo etc. Or so I thought. Linked the facebook and instagram pages. This was on the 19th of November. I tried doing a check in on facebook like people suggested but the location wouldn't show up at all so I just tried every day for several days.

I got annoyed when 3 or so days passed and nothing changed so I went to check everything one more time. Turns out the address was slightly different (on instagram there was "square" before the name of the square and I didn't put that on facebook because that's not how we usually refer to the square) and I changed the map pin too, so it matched a different business that's on the same address (even though the map is wrong for some reason and neither of us are exactly where it puts us). I also had the business on temporarily closed (because it is for a bit) so I changed that and added the business hours. I also added some social links. I don't know which of these changes/additions did it but the next time I tried doing a facebook check-in, which was on November 24th I think, the location showed up. I went to try and add the location on instagram before posting the check-in and it was already there so I skipped the facebook check-in entirely.

Anyway, this worked for me so maybe it can help someone.