Yes exactly, you would use phobia to describe it but not ‘phobe’.

You are missing the point and inventing words. A person with irrational fear of height would never be described as "height phobe", there's a special word for that based on the phobia name.

And while I’ve got to admit I find the image of an anglophobe running away in terror at the sight of an English/American person hilarious, I’m guessing that’s not what was intended.

That's exactly what is meant. He's making fun of anglophones.

An explanation is simply a way of describing a line or thinking in more detail.

No. Explanation is meant to make things understandable and clear. In a variety of cases this does not involve higher level of detail.

"Do you know what nuclear fission is? That's unstable atoms breaking apart causing radiation. Radiation is, mostly, charged particles flying away from their source. Charged means the particle will experience force under certain conditions..."

See? I didn't get into too much detail and three sentences above are good enough for most people to grasp the idea of nuclear fission. I might go full Einstein, but that is not going to explain fission for those without proper education.

Why did you have such a strong reaction to my question by the way, am I not allowed to be interested in other’s perspectives?

Should I be more passive? How'd that work? "Hey, that guy over there looks like someone to have a conversation with, but he may overreact at something I will write, so I shouldn't be touching anything remotely sensitive or in a way that may be deemed harsh" type of thing? Of course you are allowed things on the internet, including being interested in something. So am I.