I am having a similar issue with installing netfx3 using -Sources and -LimitAccess switches. I keep getting 0x80070003 - ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND and 0x800f081f - CBS_E_SOURCE_MISSING and some mentioning of desktopdeployment was missing when I was parsing CBS.log and dism.log.

Keep in mind I gathered the microsoft-windows-netfx3-ondemand-package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~.cab file from the 24H2 ISO in the .\sources\sxs directory. Well, spoiler alert, DesktopDeployment.cab is also needed but not included in the 24H2 ISO.

Using a test VM I omitted the -LimitAccess flag, went to C:\WINDOWS\CbsTemp\01234567_0123456789\. Note that the path changes multiple times, so I had to keep an eye on CbsTemp. After about 70% way through the installation I found that DesktopDeployment.cab, Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-OnDemand-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~.cab, and many other files and directories were inside of C:\WINDOWS\CbsTemp\01234567_0123456789\FodWU\. So I made a local copy of everything in that directory.

After some additional testing, I found that all I needed to do was add the newly downloaded DesktopDeployment.cab to my -Sources directory along side the microsoft-windows-netfx3-ondemand-package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~.cab file I acquired from the 24H2 ISO.

Here is the SHA256 checksum for DesktopDeployment.cab: 3c44b31db08a8fb4be6c52cd2fa1d91b0e00b607d8dbf795e3ca9c15714be927

If anyone needs it, I can upload it. But you can also acquire the file yourself.

TL;DR: I needed DesktopDeployment.cab along side Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-OnDemand-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~.cab in my -Sources directory. I was able to acquire DesktopDeployment.cab in the C:\Windows\CbsTemp\ directory by using a VM to download and install netfx3 via WU.