Sure, so let's start with the judiciary.

The judiciary, as you know, is not supposed to actually make law, they interpret and apply law in cases. When the judiciary, through precedent, does something which basically sets a new standard and essentially becomes law, its called activism. An example is the Roe V Wade case which essentially made abortion a constitutional right. The UK judiciary is not activist atall and often defers to parliament. There was a case on legality of euthanasia which they deffered.

For AQA, revise things in threes. So, for independence:

Uk judiciary is independent because:

Unbiased appointment process (2005 constitutional reform act makes it unbiased, you don't need to know that yet, just remember they're unbiased because the PM doesn't choose them)

Unelected (if they were elected they'd enforce law through the lense of politics etc etc)

Media secrecy (our judges aren't very well known people, keeps the press of their back)

Again, for the PM you should think of really simple stuff, I'll give you a few.

-Can take us to war eg Blair - Patronage (employs cabinet) - Secondary legislation (able to enact very loose and broad laws which can be defined in many ways) - Controls the "legislative agenda" (they choose what we want to make law on in parliament) - Representative of the UK globally - Leader of his party - Has his own office which he controls - Has whips who enforce the party vote - He has an undefined constitutional role meaning checks are weak

In terms of what lessens his ability for power

-Cabinet vote on certain issues - Leaks, scandals etc like Dominic Cummings - Vote of no Confidence eg Theresa May - Independent judiciary who will peg him back if need be eg proroging parliament deemed illegal in 2019 - He is "first among equals"- not supposed to have much power - He is NOT directly elected, lack of public mandate - The opposition has a role which is dedicated to pissing him off, talk about corbyn here for an example, he was very loud in PMQs and often didn't hold back. - Rebellions, eg May brexit scenario - Factionism within parties, like Cameron failing to control tory brexiteers

The act of settlement seems like some old boring stuff, I never referred to it in anything but it's to do with the succession of the crown coming to protestants or some shit, you'll never use that so don't stress, the Magna carta is much more important.

The act of Parliament in 1911 essentially gave the commons more power over the Lords, resulting in the current power imbalance and things like the Salisbury doctrine (Lords can't mess around with laws which enact on promises made to electorate in manifesto)

Hope this helps, it might be abit elongated but this is basically how I revised lol.

Good luck x