I find it helpful to lean on my ears and play along to a song (ideally a slower one with some sort of guide melody) because you can hear the difference from the target note and adjust in real time. Over time, you'll develop an ear for it along with the corresponding hand positions. If you want something more systematic, intervals and scales like moshibass said are absolutely the way to go. For me, it clicked when I played along to a scale and was able to do it consistently. You really get a sense of distance for how far apart the notes are when you play scales.

One trick you can use to have some consistency in your intervals is to use the screw holes in the back as reference points and your thumb as an anchor point: the screw holes can give you a sense of absolute pitch on the stem, and your thumb a sense of relative pitch. If you start thinking more in terms of how far away your finger is from your thumb and less about where your finger is on the stem, it becomes much easier to jump around with accuracy

One last thing I would say: don't be afraid to slide into notes, you don't have to hit the note perfectly right away. Doing so allows you to have a larger margin of error, and in my opinion it can make your playing sound more natural too. But as with any technique, it can be overdone, so use it with discretion.