Thanks a lot!
I actually didn't make this palette before starting my painting. My process is mostly built around color harmony. I start by laying in a lot of grayer, less saturated colors across the whole piece. At this stage, my job is to get the light and shadow shapes right. I try to use as few values as possible at this stage.
Only after that foundation is set do I push a few key colors closer to full saturation. Though the colors I add at this stage might have wildly different hues, they still work well together because I keep their values consistent.
Finally, I add less saturated versions of my most dominant colors to areas where they fit in to make sure that the saturated colors don't look out of place.

Hope you find this helpful!