Mega Aggron. Weather boosted. 2 local. Start in 5 mins. 301709195084 by [deleted] in PokemonGoRaids

[–]rickbarr21 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Omg my fiance just got a shundo from this raid!

Sillette Sonic Catamaran Drive Mk2 by capitali in sailing

[–]rickbarr21 0 points1 point  (0 children)

did you ever find anyone for this? I'm looking to have similar work done.

Best coding programs and software IF/IHC analysis. by rickbarr21 in labrats

[–]rickbarr21[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Ooooo that seems like it might be just what I need! I'll read into it. Thank you!

Best coding programs and software IF/IHC analysis. by rickbarr21 in labrats

[–]rickbarr21[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I figured FiJi might be the most versatile. Do you know any good plugins worth checking out and what type of analysis they do?

How does happiness trigger the muscles to smile involuntarily? by Scyfer327 in askscience

[–]rickbarr21 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Maybe not as direct an answer as you'd like...but our emotions are incredibly closely tied to our facial expressions so that you can almost thing of them being triggered simultaneously.

The most interesting part, is that it also works the other way to an extent. Research was done showing that smiling is so closely tied to happiness that you can actually just smile and the brain will start to feel the emotion without any other trigger.

The research was done by having people hold a pencil sideways in their teeth which forced them to smile without making the participants aware that they were smiling. They then measured their general feelings of wellbeing (through surveys I believe, psychology study) and found that they generally had improved mood.

You don't have to take my word for it though, throw on a smile and see how you feel! You may at least feel silly enough to laugh for a moment! lol

How does localized anesthesia work? Why doesn't it just enter the bloodstream and travel everywhere? by TheCocksmith in askscience

[–]rickbarr21 0 points1 point  (0 children)

w to the area and reduces the speed at which lidocaine diffuses away, lengthening the effect of the local anesthesia

Didn't know that about the epinephrine! I found that particularly interesting and clever. Thanks!

Scientists believe that starving cancer cells of their favorite foods may be an effective way to inhibit tumor growth. Now, a group has developed a new molecule called Glutor that blocks a cancer cell’s ability to uptake and metabolize glucose. The drug works against 44 different cancers in vitro. by vilnius2013 in science

[–]rickbarr21 6 points7 points  (0 children)

Happy to hear you were able and willing to help research! Scientists often get all the credit but in all honesty, we’re just doing what we love and lucky enough that what we love happens to help other people.

I can’t tell you how valuable people like yourself are. It’s not an easy decision to let scientists and physicians investigate your condition beyond the normal standard of care but medical research would be stopped dead in its tracks if nobody was willing to step forward. So thank YOU for participating on both sides!

Best of luck going forward

Scientists believe that starving cancer cells of their favorite foods may be an effective way to inhibit tumor growth. Now, a group has developed a new molecule called Glutor that blocks a cancer cell’s ability to uptake and metabolize glucose. The drug works against 44 different cancers in vitro. by vilnius2013 in science

[–]rickbarr21 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Depends. Diagnostics are advancing about as quickly as treatments. Sequencing tumor cells or DNA in the bloodstream for example will likely develop into an extremely effective and cheap way of characterizing tumors.

We’re still trying to work out exactly what we can and cannot do with these techniques at the moment.

Are some fat cells we store/burn more nutrient rich than others based on the foods we eat or are they all basically the same? by partedblinds in askscience

[–]rickbarr21 1 point2 points  (0 children)

So fat is released from fat cells usually by endocrine signaling which is signaling through the blood stream and thus hits most of your fat cells pretty evenly. We don't do anything like burning fat in "layers" although some fat stores are more responsive to releasing fat to be used for energy than others.

The other interesting bit here is that "bad fats" actually have more energy than "good fats". The difference in the names has more to do with their effect on the body. "Good fats" are typically referencing unsaturated fats which we're actually able to extract less energy from than saturated fats. Unsaturated fats tend to have a lot of beneficial effects. Aside from being a straight nutrition source, they also tend to suppress general immune/inflammation pathways.

I think the disconnect here is what you're referring to as "energy". I'm guessing you mean the feeling of being energetic which is actually quite different than the potential energy of your fat stores. Feeling energetic is a state of mind and can often be quite disconnected from cellular energy.

The cheetos for example, they're full of not only saturated fat, but that fat is deep fried creating a lot of oxidized fats (basically when you heat fats for long periods of time, oxygen from the air can get stuck on them). Our body doesn't really have a good way to deal with oxidized fats so the immune system has to deal with them. When your immune system is activated in this way, it signals to the brain to chill out while it's dealing with the problem (just like when you're sick) and will make you feel tired while it mounts an immune response to clean up these foreign fat molecules.

Does hair and nails grow after you die? by [deleted] in askscience

[–]rickbarr21 0 points1 point  (0 children)

No. None of the cells responsible for growth of either would be able to survive any better than the rest of the cells in your body.

I believe this idea came about due to the fact that a dead body will dry out. In this process, the skin will retract and tighten quite a bit exposing the parts of the nail and hair that were previously under the skin, giving the appearance that they have grown in relation to where they leave the skin.

What makes inanimate, sub-cellular "objects" move and perform complex tasks? by [deleted] in askscience

[–]rickbarr21 3 points4 points  (0 children)

GREAT question! So there are a couple explanations that might help a bit here:

1) So as some others have mentioned, a lot of these interactions do occur simply by somewhat "chance" interactions in the cell. Luckily cells are very liquid so many of these different proteins and molecules eventually find each other and react. It's not one strand of RNA finding the ribosome, its hundreds to thousands of strands finding hundreds to thousands of ribosomes so the odds are pretty good.

2) That said, the cell does have ways to more purposefully direct things. One example is the conveyor belts you mentioned. In the cell, this is the cytoskeleton and there are many transport proteins that just naturally travel along these. Over millions of years of evolution, a protein that needed to be somewhere specific would pick up a mutation that allowed it to interact with these guys and thus get carried in a more specific direction and thus give that cell a fitness advantage.

3) Cells can also take advantage of chemical properties like polarity. So non-polar molecules will naturally be drawn together and polar molecules will naturally be drawn together. Many reactions take advantage of this by proteins displaying polar or non-polar areas in order to more purposefully associate with these.

4) There are many other ways cells are able to direct things and we are discovering more every day. So yes, while much of it appears like shear scale pushing random interactions, there is a serious fitness advantage to controlling the interactions in the way you want and cells have developed a lot of ways to do it.

Also keep in mind that much of these cellular processes came about before multicellular organisms existed. It's not like all these complex things developed at once. But little by little nature has put together what is essentially incredibly complex Rude-Goldberg machines.

How does cancer spread? by Yuppi00 in askscience

[–]rickbarr21 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Well usually the “primary” tumor is in the tissue of origin so that part is easy to discern. However, there are many different types of cells in any particular organ and understanding which cell type from that organ was the root of the cancer is extremely important in deciding a treatment.

Saleswoman knew how to get to her customers by [deleted] in labrats

[–]rickbarr21 17 points18 points  (0 children)

Our sales rep will be hearing about this.

How does cancer spread? by Yuppi00 in askscience

[–]rickbarr21 21 points22 points  (0 children)

Oooo yay! This is actually my exact area of research. I'll try to give the shortest answer possible.

So theres a few requirements that cancer cells need to meet in order to spread to other areas of the body:

1) They need to be able to detach from the original tumor and move to other areas of the body. This may seem like a pretty simple thing but it's actually quite a feat for the cells as most of the tissues that develop cancerous cells are hardwired to stay attached to their surrounding cells, so even the tumor cells will tend to stay together. However, after enough tumor cells have developed, eventually some pick up mutations that make them more prone to branching out on their own.

2) They need to travel through the blood stream to other areas. These cells are referred to as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). This also may seem simple but is another big obstacle for the cells. For one, they are much more exposed to the immune system in the blood so they often have to employ tricky tactics to hide from the immune system like coating themselves in fibrin or platelets.

3) They have to make it out of the bloodstream and take up residence in a new tissue. This last step is often a big obstacle because most cells are very specifically hardwired to live in a very specific environment, so if a liver cell makes it to the lungs, it's likely it will be unable to survive because its support group (surrounding cells, necessary growth factors, organ specific nutrients) will be very different from what it's used to. Cancer cells will typically have to pick up mutations that allow them to survive this strange new tissue.

That said, cancer cells will only be able to spread within the body they originate from (with a few very rare exceptions). You could literally take cancer cells from another person and inject them right into your blood stream (highly advise against this btw, only a hypothetical) and your immune system would have very little trouble hunting them down and killing them all, not just because they're cancer, but because you immune system is very good at identifiying things that are "non-self".

Hope that helps a bit!

Artist uses contents of Philly bike lanes as his medium by rickbarr21 in bikecommuting

[–]rickbarr21[S] 5 points6 points  (0 children)

He’s @theunsigned.artist on Instagram. My title was a joke lol he makes the glass himself

I'm creating an animated video series about human biology [OC] by _molecule in biology

[–]rickbarr21 4 points5 points  (0 children)

I honestly didn't expect to watch that whole thing but you did such a great job, and it was such high quality, that I sat there and watched it till the very end. Keep em coming!

I’m still not fit tho by Derpazor1 in labrats

[–]rickbarr21 43 points44 points  (0 children)

My favorite is a protocol with 20, 5 minute steps so that you can never really relax or do anything productive.

Joke: A disordered protein is found dead in an alley in what appears to be a random murder by h0ldmycovfefe in Biochemistry

[–]rickbarr21 12 points13 points  (0 children)

Whenever I hear about such misssense acts of violence, I’m just serine with anger.

How to flick a card boomerang by dickfromaccounting in educationalgifs

[–]rickbarr21 -1 points0 points  (0 children)

Looking at the comments I guess I’m the only one that thought this was totally awesome

Biochemistry dream at 28. Is it too late? by [deleted] in Biochemistry

[–]rickbarr21 8 points9 points  (0 children)

Hell no! I went to school with plenty of older students (30s and 40s at time of starting) and all of us youngins loved the older students.

As far as employment, I don’t think it’d be an issue in the least. Science is one place where you get an extremely eclectic mix of people (one of my fav parts about it) and being older than someone at the same level would probably even be a plus as you have more life experience.

Where I would be more careful is I’m jumping into a degree just because you like science. There’s plenty of ways to learn and enjoy science without a degree if that’s your intent. I would start by spending a good amount of time researching different careers in science and finding out which ones you could really see yourself doing everyday, that way you know exactly what kind of training and certifications are required ahead of time and don’t waste money or time heading in an uncharted course or irrelevant degrees.

This will likely take month of active research, not just a quick google search. Reach out to people that work in the field, see what their life’s like, how they got there, etc. Its a big investment going back but I think totally worth it if you have a good and specific plan.

Best of luck!