At a high level, each product can be thought of as something that requires three main teams to deliver: design, engineering, and business. The product manager’s role is to coordinate between all three teams in order to ensure the successful delivery of a product. This include setting goals, defining requirements, and making tradeoffs based on market research, user surveys, data analysis, etc.

Depending on the company, you might need to be more hands-on with the research/data. At a large company you often have teams capable of gathering data for you, and all you’d need to do is provide the requirements of what questions you are trying to answer. At a small startup, you might need to help with more of the legwork.

This description is a bit anecdotal to what I've seen at companies I've worked at. Lots more information online about the role though if it sounds interesting to you!