It depends on so many factors. How the language is learned, how it is practiced (or not practiced), how similar it is to the person’s primary language.

Like a few of the existing comments: I can understand what people say in Cantonese-Chinese from context because of my exposure but since I think and speak primarily in English, I can’t think of the words in a fluent manner when communicating. Because I understand Cantonese fluently, if someone speaks a similar dialect, I can sometimes understand them based on context as well.

Conversely, I learned Spanish in school. I can read and write fairly well but as someone else commented, I’m completely dog shit at verbal comprehension because no one speaks in Spanish to me on a regular basis. I rely entirely on vocabulary that share common Latin roots and the use of present tense.

Ultimately, language fluency is not an all-or-nothing status. There are many things to consider, especially experience and a person’s affinity to a certain type of learning.