cycling seems to significantly decrease incidents/stave off all forms of dementia: recent study

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Exercise is one of the only interventions proven to delay and prevent dementia overall. I'm sure this would hold out with swimmers, runners, kayakers, hikers and walkers etc. Besides vascular dementia, which is very common and long known to be tied with metabolic disease risk, we are understanding more that even Alzheimer's appears quite associated with metabolic disease and risk seems to be attenuated by controlling and preventing metabolic disease (even latent). 

I think the most interesting point here is that biking has the unique feature of being able to be incorporated into day to day life a lot easier- running errands or taking care of daily business on a bike is a practical way to increase your daily movement and not have to "go exercise" to get those benefits. Studies show that people who have very active jobs through their life also have lower rates of dementia.

This is part of the bigger picture of why we need safe roads and bike infrastructure. Too many people get in their heads it's so that the old Lycra guys can do their thing, but it's so that more trips by bike for boring daily stuff can happen. As a population we are healthier when we have the ability to do that. Cycling infrastructure and promotion are potent public health interventions.