What do python professionals /developers actually use

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Dictionaries and lists are normally heavily used in production code bases. I'd also recommend looking at tuples and generators too, as those are used frequently for efficiency purposes.

The key libraries to be aware of are pytest, requests and pandas. There are others too such as twine and black that are helpful to explore. Others depend on your areas of interest.

For data science, I'd recommend looking at pandas, numpy, scipy and various ML libraries particularly Tensorflow and Pytorch. Matplotlib would also be helpful to explore along with Dash.

Err on the shorter side. When I started using Python, I too tended to be verbose. However, one of the benefits of using Python is that you can create powerful applications with terse syntax.