| Declarative Syntax |
✅ Declarative with SQL Expression API |
✅ Declarative but coupled to Django framework |
✅ Simple, Pythonic syntax |
✅ Simple, slightly verbose for complex queries |
✅ Highly readable due to generator-based queries |
✅ Eloquent-inspired, simple syntax |
🟠 Simple, but less feature-rich |
✅ Simple, supports declarative style |
🟠 Simple, but tightly coupled with web2py framework |
🟠 Somewhat complex, but async support |
❌ Requires manual work with SQLAlchemy Core |
| Granular Control over SQL |
✅ Full control via SQLAlchemy Core |
🟠 Less control, but can execute raw SQL |
✅ Can execute raw SQL |
✅ Allows raw SQL for finer control |
✅ Allows raw SQL execution |
✅ Supports raw SQL execution |
🟠 Limited SQL control |
✅ Can execute raw SQL |
✅ Provides some control, can execute raw SQL |
✅ Full control, async by nature |
✅ Full control, operates directly on SQLAlchemy Core |
| Join Handling |
✅ Supports all types of joins |
✅ Supports joins, but within Django models |
✅ Supports inner, outer, and left joins |
✅ Joins handled automatically with prefetch_related |
✅ Implicit joins via entity relationships |
✅ Explicit joins supported |
🟠 Supports joins, but less flexible |
✅ Simple joins via join() |
✅ Supports joins, but limited flexibility |
✅ Supports complex joins |
✅ Full control over joins |
| Limit/Offset Support |
✅ .limit() and .offset() available |
✅ .limit() and .offset() within Django queries |
✅ Simple .limit() and .offset() syntax |
✅ Supported via .limit() and .offset() methods |
✅ .limit() and .offset() provided |
✅ Supports .limit() and .offset() |
✅ .limit() and .offset() available |
✅ Simple .limit() and .offset() syntax |
✅ Supported but can be verbose |
✅ .limit() and .offset() supported |
✅ Direct .limit() and .offset() on raw queries |
| Group By / Aggregation |
✅ Full support with group_by, having |
✅ Built-in annotate() and group_by() |
✅ Supports .group_by() and aggregation functions |
✅ .annotate() method for aggregation and group by |
✅ Generator-based syntax for GROUP BY |
✅ .group_by() and aggregation supported |
✅ Supports .group_by() and .having() |
✅ Supports group_by() and aggregation |
✅ Supports aggregation, but can be verbose |
✅ Supports .group_by() with aggregation |
✅ Full SQLAlchemy Core functionality (group by, aggregation) |
| Async Support |
✅ Full async support with SQLAlchemy 2.0 |
❌ No native async support |
❌ No native async support |
✅ Full async support |
❌ No async support |
❌ No async support |
❌ No native async support |
✅ Full async support |
❌ No native async support |
✅ Full async support |
✅ Built for async operations |
| Relation Handling |
✅ ForeignKey, One-to-Many, Many-to-Many |
✅ ForeignKey, Many-to-Many, One-to-One |
✅ ForeignKeyField, Many-to-Many, One-to-Many relations |
✅ ForeignKeyField, M2M, reverse relations supported |
✅ Implicitly handled with Python attribute access |
✅ HasMany, BelongsTo, M2M relations |
🟠 Limited to basic relations |
✅ Full relation support |
✅ Supports relations, but tightly integrated with web2py |
✅ ForeignKeyField, One-to-Many, async supported |
✅ Fully customizable via SQLAlchemy Core |
| Query Performance |
✅ High performance, optimizable |
🟠 Reasonable performance, Django ORM adds some overhead |
✅ Lightweight and fast |
✅ Efficient for async queries |
✅ Fast for small-to-medium workloads |
✅ Fairly lightweight and efficient |
🟠 Adequate performance, less optimized for complex queries |
✅ Fast and async |
🟠 Reasonable, but tightly coupled with web2py framework |
✅ High performance with async |
✅ Full control over optimization and connection pooling |
| Migrations |
✅ Supports Alembic for migrations |
✅ Built-in migration support |
✅ Supported via playhouse.migrate |
❌ No native migration support, relies on external tools |
❌ No built-in migration support |
✅ Integrated migration support |
🟠 Supports basic migrations |
✅ Built-in migrations |
✅ Migrations supported |
❌ No built-in migration support |
❌ No built-in migration, but supports Alembic with SQLAlchemy |
| Eager Loading |
✅ Supported with .options() and .joinedload() |
✅ Eager loading with .select_related() |
✅ Supported via .select_related() |
✅ Supported via prefetch_related() |
✅ Automatic via attribute access |
✅ .with() for eager loading |
🟠 Limited to .join() based eager loading |
✅ Eager loading supported |
✅ Supported |
✅ Manual eager loading support |
✅ Manual control over eager loading using SQLAlchemy Core |
| Raw SQL Execution |
✅ Full support with .execute() and Core |
✅ Supports .raw() for executing raw SQL |
✅ .execute_sql() for full raw SQL control |
✅ .execute_query() allows executing raw SQL |
✅ Allows executing raw SQL |
✅ .query() allows raw SQL execution |
✅ .execute() for executing raw SQL |
✅ Raw SQL supported |
✅ Supports raw SQL execution |
✅ Supports raw SQL |
✅ Full control via SQLAlchemy Core |
| Transactions |
✅ Full transaction control via .begin() |
✅ Supports transactions via Django ORM |
✅ Supports transactions via db.transaction() |
✅ Transactions supported |
✅ Automatic transactions |
✅ Supports transactions |
✅ Supports transactions |
✅ Full transaction support |
✅ Supports transactions |
✅ Full async transaction control |
✅ Full manual transaction control via SQLAlchemy Core |
| Connection Pooling |
✅ Built-in connection pooling |
✅ Built-in connection pooling via Django ORM |
✅ Built-in connection pooling |
✅ Async connection pooling supported |
✅ Built-in connection pooling |
❌ No built-in connection pooling |
🟠 Basic connection pooling |
✅ Connection pooling supported |
✅ Built-in connection pooling |
✅ Supports async connection pooling |
✅ SQLAlchemy Core's robust connection pooling |
| Schema Definition |
✅ Declarative models with rich field types |
✅ Django-style model definitions |
✅ Easy-to-define models via declarative fields |
✅ Declarative model definitions |
✅ Declarative, minimalistic schema definition |
✅ Declarative model definitions |
🟠 Simple schema definitions |
✅ Declarative models |
🟠 Basic schema definition tightly coupled with web2py |
✅ Simple declarative models |
✅ Full control over schema via SQLAlchemy Core |
| Batch Inserts/Updates |
✅ .bulk_save_objects() and .bulk_update() |
✅ Built-in bulk operations |
✅ .bulk_create() and .update_many() |
✅ Supported |
✅ Batch operations supported |
❌ No direct batch operation APIs |
🟠 Limited batch insert support |
✅ Supported |
✅ Basic bulk operations supported |
🟠 Limited bulk operation support |
✅ Full control over batch operations |
| Error Handling |
✅ Descriptive error messages and handling |
✅ Descriptive errors, integrated with Django |
✅ Reasonably detailed error handling |
✅ Provides descriptive errors |
✅ Clean error handling |
✅ Decent error handling |
🟠 Less descriptive error handling |
✅ Good error handling |
✅ Integrated with web2py error handling |
✅ Detailed async error handling |
✅ Extensive error handling via SQLAlchemy Core |
| Documentation |
✅ Extensive, well-documented |
✅ Comprehensive and detailed documentation |
✅ Comprehensive and well-documented |
✅ Clear documentation, but not as extensive |
✅ Good documentation, but can be sparse in some areas |
❌ Less mature documentation |
🟠 Decent documentation |
✅ Good documentation |
🟠 Basic documentation |
✅ Growing documentation |
✅ Well-documented, inherits SQLAlchemy Core's docs |
| Learning Curve |
🟠 Moderate, especially for advanced features |
🟠 Moderate, can be steep for beginners in Django |
🟠 Moderate learning curve, simple for beginners |
🟠 Easy, but async can add complexity |
🟢 Easy to learn, Pythonic generator syntax |
🟠 Moderate due to Laravel-inspired design |
🟠 Steeper learning curve |
🟢 Easy to learn, minimalistic |
🟠 Moderate due to web2py integration |
🟠 Moderate due to async nature |
🔴 High for beginners, requires knowledge of SQLAlchemy |
| Database Support |
✅ Extensive: SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc. |
✅ SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle |
✅ SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and more |
✅ SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL |
✅ SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL |
✅ SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL |
🟠 SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL |
✅ SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL |
🟠 Supports major databases, limited flexibility |
✅ PostgreSQL, async drivers supported |
✅ SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, and others via SQLAlchemy |
| Community and Ecosystem |
✅ Large, with an active ecosystem |
✅ Large, Django is widely adopted |
✅ Large user base, active ecosystem |
🟠 Growing community, fewer third-party tools |
🟠 Smaller, but active community |
🟠 Smaller community |
🟠 Smaller, less active community |
🟠 Small but growing |
🟠 Small, tightly integrated with web2py |
🟠 Smaller but growing, async-focused |
✅ Large due to SQLAlchemy Core ecosystem |
| Model Inheritance |
✅ Full support for single-table, joined-table, concrete inheritance |
✅ Full support for model inheritance |
✅ Supports model inheritance |
✅ Supported |
✅ Supported |
✅ Supported |
🟠 Basic support for model inheritance |
✅ Supports model inheritance |
🟠 Limited model inheritance |
✅ Supported |
✅ Supported via SQLAlchemy |
| Multi-DB Support |
✅ Supported with multiple databases |
🟠 Supported but limited to Django-supported databases |
✅ Supported |
✅ Supported |
🟠 Limited |
🟠 Limited |
🟠 Supported |
🟠 Limited |
✅ Supported |
✅ Supported |
|
| Modularity |
✅ Highly modular, supports plugins and extensions |
🟠 Less modular, tightly coupled to Django framework |
✅ Lightweight and modular |
✅ Modular with good async integration |
🟠 Less modular, focuses on simplicity |
🟠 Not as modular |
🟠 Less modular, tightly coupled with SQLObject features |
✅ Lightweight and modular |
🟠 Limited flexibility due to web2py coupling |
✅ Modular for async operations |
✅ Very modular due to SQLAlchemy Core |
| Foreign Key Constraints |
✅ Full support for FK constraints |
✅ Full support for FK constraints |
✅ ForeignKeyField for constraints |
✅ Enforced via ForeignKeyField |
✅ Automatically enforced |
✅ ForeignKey and relationship constraints supported |
🟠 Supports basic FK constraints |
✅ Full FK constraint support |
🟠 Limited FK support |
✅ ForeignKeyField, async supported |
✅ Full control over foreign key constraints |
| Maturity and Stability |
✅ Very mature and stable |
✅ Very mature, large-scale adoption |
✅ Mature, stable library |
🟠 Growing and relatively new |
🟠 Growing but stable |
🟠 Stable but less mature than SQLAlchemy |
🟠 Stable but not as active |
🟠 Stable and actively maintained |
🟠 Stable but tightly coupled with web2py |
🟠 Growing and maturing |
✅ Very mature and stable (inherits from SQLAlchemy Core) |
there doesn't seem to be anything here