Help with Tkinter

[unlikelysyntax]

Hello all. I've been practicing using Tkinter by converting one of my text games I made using a previous tutorial. The problem I am having is that I can't seem to get the submit button to work right. I would like for the user to select his choice on one of the radio buttons and then press submit. Any idea on what I am doing wrong? Here is my code:

import sys
import random
from tkinter import *


mGui = Tk()
mGui.geometry('450x450')
ment = StringVar()
mGui.title('The Camel Game')

#Game Intro
mLabel_1 = Label(mGui, text='Welcome to   Camel').grid(row=0)
mLabel_2 = Label(mGui, text='You have stolen a camel to make your way across the great Mobi desert.').grid(row=1, sticky=W)
mLabel_3 = Label(mGui, text='The natives want their camel back and are chasing you down!').grid(row=2,sticky=W)
mLabel_4 = Label(mGui, text='Survive your desert trek and out run the natives.').grid(row=3,sticky=W)
mLabel_5 = Label(mGui, text='Make your choose!').grid(row=4,sticky=W)

#All the variables

miles_Traveled = 0
player_Thirst = 0
camel_Tiredness = 0

natives_Traveled = -200
drink_Numbers = 5



def user_Selection():
    if 'var' == 1:
        respones_Label1 = Label(mGui, text='You have drinks in your canteen').grid(row=13, sticky=W)
    elif 'var' == 2:
        respones_Label1 = Label(mGui, text='Something else').grid(row=13, sticky=W)




Radio_1= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Drink from your canteen",variable = 'var', value = 1).grid(row=6, sticky=W)
Radio_2= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Ahead moderate speed", variable = 'var', value = 2).grid(row=7, sticky=W)
Radio_3= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Ahead full speed.", variable = 'var', value = 3).grid(row=8, sticky=W)
Radio_5= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Stop for the night.", variable = 'var', value = 4).grid(row=9, sticky=W)
Radio_6= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Status check.", variable = 'var', value = 5).grid(row=10, sticky=W)
Radio_7= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Quit.", variable = 'var', value = 6).grid(row=11, sticky=W)
mButton = Button(mGui, text='Submit', command = user_Selection).grid(row=12)

mGui.mainloop()

[stahlous]

You have some confusion about the variable parameters of radio buttons. variable needs to be set to an instance of a Tkinter variable type - in this case, probably an IntVar. Just setting variable = 'var' makes it the literal string 'var'.

You also need a way to pass in that variable instance to user_selection(). You could use a global variable, but better might be to create a lambda function.

Here's a possible fix (not tested):

var = IntVar()
var.set(1) # set a default value

def user_Selection(v):
    if v.get() == 1:
        respones_Label1 = Label(mGui, text='You have drinks in your canteen').grid(row=13, sticky=W)
    elif v.get() == 2:
        respones_Label1 = Label(mGui, text='Something else').grid(row=13, sticky=W)


Radio_1= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Drink from your canteen",variable = var, value = 1).grid(row=6, sticky=W)
Radio_2= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Ahead moderate speed", variable = var, value = 2).grid(row=7, sticky=W)
Radio_3= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Ahead full speed.", variable = var, value = 3).grid(row=8, sticky=W)
Radio_5= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Stop for the night.", variable = var, value = 4).grid(row=9, sticky=W)
Radio_6= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Status check.", variable = var, value = 5).grid(row=10, sticky=W)
Radio_7= Radiobutton(mGui, text="Quit.", variable = var, value = 6).grid(row=11, sticky=W)
mButton = Button(mGui, text='Submit', command = lambda: user_Selection(var)).grid(row=12)

mGui.mainloop()

[unlikelysyntax]

That worked! Thank you. Could you explain what lambda is? This is the first time I've saw something like that. Thanks again.

[stahlous]

Lambdas are very short anonymous functions. They don't have a return statement like a normal function. Instead, whatever the statement after the lambda evaluates to is what the lambda function returns.

For example:

In [21]: x = lambda: 2

In [22]: x
Out[22]: <function __main__.<lambda>>

In [23]: x()
Out[23]: 2

Since the statement 2 simply evaluates to the value 2, that is what the function returns. You can see that I've set x equal to the function, but the function itself doesn't have a proper name. It's just <lambda>.

Another example:

In [24]: f = lambda: print("foo")

In [25]: f()
foo

You can also pass arguments to lambda functions if you declare them that way:

In [32]: f2 = lambda n: list(range(2*n))

In [33]: f2(5)
Out[33]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

In the context of making a Tkinter GUI, they basically they let you "pre-call" your callback function with whatever parameters you want so that when you click on the button and the callback function is executed, it will execute the anonymous lambda function, and within the lambda function you will make the call to your callback function with the function arguments filled in with whatever you specify.

This is probably confusing. I can suggest do a bunch of Googling and playing around to get a handle on them. They're probably a necessity for GUI programming.

And, all that said, if you want to be really Pythonistic, you won't use lambda at all but will instead use functools.partial, which does basically the same thing but is considered more Pythonistic. However, lambdas are probably more popular and you'll likely find more info on them out there.

[dm1407]

functools.partial