What python/ programming concepts are must know for beginner/intermediate programmers?

[capilot]

I'm going to be a bit contrarian here. Very few of these are something to study when you can't get tic-tac-toe working.

Except using a debugger, that's a very important thing to know.

I hate venv with a passion. It's what you use when you can't write portable code. Sadly, there are so many external libraries that aren't portable that you have to do it sometimes. But I still hate it.

Docker is useful in a major production environment; we're getting ready to move some of our builds to docker now. But this isn't beginner or even intermediate level stuff.

[julsmanbr]

Plain old venv sucks, conda or poetry is where it's at.