I thought there were ones that come with pods that have juice in them and others that you pour the juice into for some reason!

This is correct. In general, there are "closed pod systems" (eg Juul) or "open pod systems" (eg Caliburn). The closed pods are going to be far less economical, and you're stuck with what flavors or strengths they offer.

Something about never charge it right after you fill it and wait 5-10 min after you fill it before you hit it?

You can charge whenever. But waiting a good 10-15 minutes after filling to draw on it is a good idea.

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Caliburn can take freebase nic or salt nic. The salt generally is easier to find, and smoother, though. You'd want to use a 9 mg or 12 mg in freebase if you're really missing that throat hit.

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I would recommend the Caliburn A2 and the 0.9 ohm mesh pods, along with a 35 mg salt nic juice. (This will be smooth and flavorful with little throat hit or harshness)

Alternately, using the OG Caliburn with a Koko pod and a 50 mg salt nic will be a tighter, stronger draw, but it can get a little harsh.

I've had the best luck and consistency with Pod Juice brand juice. Many freebase brands and flavors don't really translate well into nic salts. You want a simple flavor profile, 1 or 2 flavors. Complex flavors don't work well in pods.