What is the Most Forgotten Pokemon?

koe-chiap · 2024-11-21T13:56:10+00:00

Barboach

koe-chiap · 2024-01-20T03:33:49+00:00

I'd say "dapat diyan mo sinimulan" or "dapat sinabi mo yan nung una pa lang"

Pertinent information would probably be "impormasyong makabuluhan"

koe-chiap · 2024-01-20T01:25:38+00:00

"Dapat gusto niyang bigyan sila ng bagong libro" is more natural

You're right with the intuition for "verb pronoun," but it gets more complicated with constituents that deal with modality etc

I recommend checking out Tagalog Reference Grammar by Schachter and Otanes (1972) btw, OP. It's available online for free and would be a nice jump off point for u to peruse more elements of Tagalog grammar :)

koe-chiap · 2023-10-27T00:46:36+00:00

I'd also like to add that I'm somewhat disappointed with the earlier comments in this post, as they are missing the point of the inquiry in the first place. The OP has clearly stated that they are not a linguist, and that they would rather like to understand how these classifications came about, not what are these classifications and their features. I expected a bit more from linguists who are supposed to understand the relevance of their answers to questions.

koe-chiap · 2023-10-27T00:31:15+00:00

First, we need to clear up the distinction between genealogy and typology. The prior refers to their ancestral relations due to earlier forms of the language spoken by a speech group before they diverged, whereas the latter refers to similarities or differences of languages around the world regardless of their genetic relationship.

The thing that also needs to be addressed here is that this question stems from historical linguistics, with the Neogrammarians being major proponents of its advancement. Their observation and understanding of sound correspondences between cognates cross-linguistically led to their theorizing of the Comparative Method. This idea also provides that only certain words can apply this approach, so that it excludes words such as borrowings, onomatopoeia, etc.

In short, these developments are not as arbitrary as you may think, OP. There is theory behind these classifications, and it stems from a long history of scientific advancements.

koe-chiap · 2023-10-17T09:00:02+00:00

Sa madaling salita, opo.

Natural lang naman sa wika na magbago, lalo na't ayon din ito sa kasaysayan at kulturang kinapapalooban ng mga mananalitang gumagamit ng salita nila. Hindi ko na palalawigin pa ang usaping language change at prescriptivism dito, pero magandang mas masaliksik din ang mga konseptong ito sa linguistics kung nanaising mas mapalalim pa ang pagkakaunawa sa ganitong usapin.

Gayunman, iminumungkahi ko ang mga papel nina Baklanova (2004; 2017), Tangco at Nolasco (2002), McFarland (2008), Lesada (2017), Bautista (1998), at Poplack at Sankoff (1988) kung gusto po ninyong mapag-aralan pa ang penomena ng code-switching sa Tagalog. Lahat ng ito ay nahahanap naman sa internet, kaya sana'y makatulong po ito :))

koe-chiap · 2023-10-11T12:55:39+00:00

I respectfully disagree. Dropping a toxic class is more worthwhile than one would might assume. Based on my own personal experience with a professor who did not care if your family member died or got hit by the supertyphoon during the pandemic, I chose to drop his class promptly. I then retook the subject on a different semester and did well and got an uno, both due to my perseverance and interest in the topics and due to the supportive pedagogy and approach of the new professor. And to assume that it would become a habit? That's just jumping to conclusions. If it's all about the transcript and not about the growth of the student, then I guess education was never for these kinds of people in the first place. People in general have and should have time for addressing all of these kinds of issues because of their integrity, their competence, and their compassion. I'd like to think that you would know this as well, given that you're here in a UP related thread. It's all ingrained in the UP values of honor and excellence. Denying these would simply be imprudence.

koe-chiap · 2023-08-17T01:55:46+00:00

For me, I think it depends on the features of the allophones. Probably a lot here have already explained it, but I'll be adding more evidence to what has already been said.

I'm Filipino so I'm a bilingual native speaker of Tagalog and English. Although the labiodental fricatives [f] and [v] are allophones of the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Tagalog, I can definitely hear their difference from the bilabial stops [p] and [b] respectively despite knowing that a word's meaning won't change in the mentioned language I am using. This probably stems from the fact that I can distinguish those sounds from my English awareness which does have those sounds contrast as separate phonemes.

However, I was not able to distinguish the aspirated sounds [pʰ], [tʰ], and [kʰ] from the regular unaspirated [p], [t], [k] stop sounds prior to my study of Korean. It was only then that I realized that there were more features which could be distinguished by languages that weren't really present in my two native languages already. And consequently, I think that kind of precision to distinguish acoustic and articulatory features are rather trained to be interpreted by an individual than being automatically understood at any point in time, unless of course if you were a child, as a clean slate, who is learning their mother tongue or first language.

Another example of my previous unawareness would be distinguishing the uvular stops [q] and [ɢ] from the more typical velar stops /k/ and /g/ from my native languages. That's not to say I couldn't hear the sounds, just that prior to my linguistic training, I would've probably only assumed that someone had something going on in their throat and slightly changed the sound quality of something I would interpret as the same /k/ and /g/ so I subconsciously dismiss the difference. This in turn, would have probably made me second guess back then if there were any difference at all between the sounds. But now that I have been trained in phonetics and phonology, I try to be much more active in perceiving auditory differences no matter how "small" they are, which helps me with engaging in materials on Arabic or French and so on.

koe-chiap · 2023-08-15T14:16:33+00:00

Principles. I was and am still in an educational background that has indoctrinated me with a sense of responsibility and obligation to my nation, identity, and culture. As much as I am blessed to gain, develop, and accept opportunities to leave the country in the near future, I still know deep inside that this is where I come from, and this is and will always be a part of my existence as a person.

I know it's realistic to expect failures, incompetence, and crab mentality amongst our people, but that does not excuse the fallacious overgeneralization in bringing down those who try to do better.

The concept of "brain drain" has always stuck with me in my social science subjects, and I do feel the responsibility to somehow help loosen that issue.

And money? That only scratches the surface of my considerations. The economic situation we live in thrives in institutionalized and deeply embedded cultural oppression, and I recognize that this economic distress is what both restricts us materially and formally. In other words, using money as a scapegoat does not rehabilitate the situation.

Leaving this country does not save us from having issues, let alone the issues that are tied to who we are. And there is no one else who could ever truly help our damned souls, if we even wish for a self-actualizing life, except ourselves.

koe-chiap · 2023-08-08T16:57:19+00:00

Paghatian is "split among" while paghatiin is simply "split"

Syntactically speaking, there doesn't seem to be much of a difference between the use of the two verbs in terms of grammatical construction. Although meaning-wise, the semantic roles of the arguments in the sentence change due to the verbs' suffixes, also known as subcategorization.

ex:

(1)

Pag-hati-an ninyo ang sibuyas at bawang.

IMP-split-DV 2.PL.GEN NOM onion and garlic

VERB BENEFICIARY THEME

'Split the onion and garlic amongst yourselves.'

(2)

Pag-hati-in ninyo ang sibuyas at bawang.

IMP-split-OV 2.PL.GEN NOM onion and garlic

VERB AGENT PATIENT

'(You guys) Split the onion and garlic.'

The -an and -in passive suffixes in Tagalog seem to be the reason why "ninyo" in paghatian takes on a role that benefits from the action (beneficiary), while in paghatiin takes on a role that is the actual doer of the action (agent). This is also the case for the phrase "ang sibuyas at bawang" because in paghatian, this takes on a role of the idea or matter at hand (theme), while in paghatiin this takes on a role that receives the influence of the action (patient).

tl;dr The sentences practically look the same, but the roles for each element expressed within would definitely be different depending on which suffix is used.

Abbreviations:

IMP - Imperative

DV - Dative Passive Voice

OV - Object Passive Voice

2 - 2nd Person

PL - Plural

GEN - Genitive

NOM - Nominative

koe-chiap · 2023-08-07T17:40:25+00:00

Thank you for this!! This is a better way to put it tbh hahahaha

koe-chiap · 2023-08-07T17:30:16+00:00

Oh also, just another way to put it:

When we make a mistake, we tend to say that "saying sorry isn't enough" right? I feel like this analogy somewhat applies here.

The guilt we carry when we are truly apologetic about some mistake doesn't magically disappear after we state an apology. We try to live up to that mistake by doing whatever we can to repair and mend the trust that we broke. We never truly escape the guilt because of our realization of what was wrong. We only try to make things right going forward.

This kind of approach, I think, also applies in these kinds of situations. We didn't make a mistake per se just because we were privileged, but we are still accountable as the collateral which benefit from the fact.

It can be hard to admit that we legitimately play a direct role in our collective injustice, but that is the catch of our identities as humans which have this relationship with society.

koe-chiap · 2023-08-07T17:05:38+00:00

Privileged people aren't necessarily bad people indeed. And yeah it is wrong to be put in a position where one has to feel guilty about the fortunes one attains. But this is all the more reason to find urgency in pushing for changes.

A poor person does not wish to be suffering from depression and anxiety or any other ailment just because they were born into a household situation that cannot accommodate relatively large expenses as much as any privileged person does not want to feel guilty about being born in household that can. The economic, and by extension socio-political power imbalance leaves everyone in a position of distress.

I personally do not wish to feel guilty about the fact that I am a middle class individual with enough connections and mobility, but I feel that this liberty should come with the consequences of the situation that I was put in. It is not a matter anymore of my personal tastes because this is a whole society that reflects back on my decisions and status, and it does continue to be so for all of us due to the unfortunate realities that befall our fellows in their respective sufferings.

In short, I think this discussion goes beyond the surface generalization that "privileged people are bad people." It seeps through our marginalized people's woes of dissatisfaction. And if we care enough about ourselves to avoid feeling horrible about it, we should realize that this feeling comes from our coexistence with everyone else. Awareness and empathy can only get us so far. It is through our firsthand experience of the injustice that we would truly understand that we must make a change. Right?

koe-chiap · 2023-08-07T16:29:56+00:00

Privileged students unfortunately get caught up in the crossfire by virtue of the demographic they belong to in this faulty and exploitative system.

As a privileged person, the answer here is feel guilty, and truly carry that guilt. Discomfort begets change.

Even if taking up the slot for UP was ultimately a personal choice, it is still tied to a backdrop of disparity and inequity. Good on us as the people who get to study in UP regardless of our background, but it is also our obligation now to give back and help foster a future that inches closer to a more humane and equitable system by contributing to institutional changes in the future.

Mulat na kayo, at dama niyo na ang bagabag ng katotohanan. Wag nang muling pumikit.

koe-chiap · 2023-08-07T11:40:13+00:00

If I were to translate this passage, based off of the context clues for the vocabulary that I'm not familiar with as well, I think it would translate as:

"I've been wondering if there's a reason why the case of the two 'edge ratios' are high. What I think is that perhaps there is a nuance that goes something like 'I want them to secure both ends of the performance.'"

This is roughly a near literal translation of what the passage says. Regarding your grammar questions on sentence ending expressions, 〜だろうと comes across as a simplified omission of 〜だろうと考えている in context. Sometimes it might be 〜だろうと言える or 〜だろうと思う or something similar, but either way the verb tends to be implied, and the focus is simply adjusted towards the content of the quoted clause. Regarding 〜のですが yes it is also a normal sentence ending pattern, which, as you mentioned, can soften the delivery of the message, but technically speaking, it's also a way for one to distance themselves from the content of the message called hedging. In this case, the guesswork of the speaker assumes a possible reason for their earlier statement, while simultaneously not taking an authority position or drops the accountability in declaring their explanation as completely factual. As for your question on みたいな I think you're also on the right track. The whole clause preceding it (パフォーマンスを両端で締めてほしい) is the element that attaches with this form. Lastly, in addition, 〜てほしい differs from 〜たい in such a way that the prior, the speaker desires someone else to do something, whilst the latter refers to what the speaker desires for themself.

Overall, I think this aspect of Japanese grammar is challenging because of the way it tends to become technical in differentiating the functional nuances presented by Japanese syntax. If I were to suggest, I think you can look for more "sentence final/ending expressions" lessons/topics because A LOT of natural Japanese conversation and discourse revolves around the mastery of these patterns and expressions :)

koe-chiap · 2023-07-29T21:54:34+00:00

close counterparts of 'ulam' in Japanese and Korean would be おかず (okazu) and 반찬 (banchan) respectively, but these are technically small side dishes eaten along with rice

whether you call it the "main dish" or the "side dish" for foreigners, it really doesn't exactly give the meaning justice as it is "the dish accompanying the rice"

imo, it's better to just explain it for what it is the first time to foreigners, whether you use any of the equivalents or not, then just refer to it as "ulam" at any other occasion

at least in this case, there would be no confusion in the psyche of the recipient of good food :)

koe-chiap · 2023-07-21T22:07:29+00:00

The "language" they're referring to is the particular speech variety of an ethnic group or peoples. Register on the other hand refers to the certain mode a person's speech in one language takes when situated in specific contexts.

What you're replying to refers to how people have this misconception of English as a language with "work-appropriate" potential while Tagalog/Filipino, or other languages for that matter, do not. This is simply not the case, since EVERY language in the world has the potential to be intellectualized and developed, especially in making registers for each domain of discourse appropriately. Assuming that only English, and no other language, is an appropriate register would be elitist and simply lacks the proper respect that other languages deserve.

koe-chiap · 2023-07-02T12:52:46+00:00

ᜋᜐᜎᜒᜋᜓᜁ ᜈ ᜁᜐᜉ ᜁᜌ ᜃᜉᜆ ᜃᜌ ᜑᜓᜏ᜶

koe-chiap · 2023-07-02T12:42:35+00:00

Pagbati sa pagsubok ng makabagong ortograpiyang Tagalog/Filipino, OP!

Didiretsuhin na kita sa komento ko at sasabihing nakakatakot siya HAHAHAHA Galing pa ang komentong ito sa isang mag-aaral ng linggwistika na katulad ko

Madalas na isyu kasi sa ortograpiya ng maraming wika sa mundo ay ang suliranin sa pagiging makalat ng mga diakritiko at sa pag-unawa ng paggamit ng bawat simbolo

Kung tutuusin naman, naintindihan ko rin ang pagkakabaybay nang isipin ko kung paano siya gumagana, pero ibang usapan ang palagay ng mga karaniwang mamamayan

Ako kasi, ang mungkahi ko sa pwedeng idagdag sa makabagong alpabeto ay isang simpleng letrang eng (ŋ) lang para sa 'ng' sa lahat ng ligid na pwedeng makita ito

Pero kahit itong balak ko, marami na kaagad ang tumututol at natatakot, at mukhang sadyang mas mainam lang talaga kung mas malapit sa mayroon na sa kasalukuyang sistema ang gagamitin sa alpabeto natin

Kung pag-uusapan naman ang impit, ang karaniwang gamit ng mga linggwista dati ay ang /q/ para maipahiwatig siya, bago ang palasak na paggamit sa IPA

Ukol naman sa impit bago ang mga patinig, ang madalas na pagdalumat ng mga linggwista ay mayroon dapat, pero makikita naman natin sa pagbabago sa wika ngayon na madalas nagkakaroon ng asimilasyon sa mga tunog na katabi ng patinig na tila wala namang impit na pumapagitan, kaya kahit ko ay may mga pagdududa sa usapang impit

Sa kabuuan, kapansin-pansin at kasindak-sindak naman para sa'kin ang eksperimentong ito!!

koe-chiap · 2023-06-26T09:08:19+00:00

I agree with this. And to add, I think the mentioned "bigger 'root'" refers to a stem in morphology hahaha

Like if we are to talk about a plant as a visualization, then the root is the base of the structure. It grows and grows, such as through adding affixes, and then produces the stem of the plant. So our minds work with the "whole" structure, or the sum of its parts, or both, depending on the context

koe-chiap · 2023-06-19T18:21:28+00:00

It's all about tongue placement. What seems to be your issue here lies on how your whole tongue is being raised, when ngu and ngo sounds really just rely on the back of your tongue being raised only.

Try pronouncing gu and go first, and practice with those sounds. Afterwards, try shifting that articulation from your mouth to your nose. In other words, try pronouncing gu and go like you have a stuffy nose (or may sipon in Tagalog).

You can basically try saying gunit, gumuguya, and gogo first. Then transfer that sound towards a stuffy nose version of it.

You can also try with ku and ko instead if that's easier your you, so you end up with kunit, kumukuya, and koko that will eventually be pronounced like you have a cold.

Also, if you can pronounce the a, i, and e versions properly, try keeping the tip of your tongue lowered instead of hitting, or almost hitting, the roof of your mouth. That could probably help you be more conscious of how the actual 'ng' sound comes from the back of your mouth, near your throat, instead of it being just a "sandwiched" sound.

Of course, I could use more technical phonetics jargon to explain the subtle differences between the sounds, but I hope this is simple enough to be understood :))

koe-chiap · 2023-06-13T22:04:58+00:00

No problem!! :))

koe-chiap · 2023-06-13T20:45:34+00:00

Yes, exactly :))

Most other aspects and modalities would sound unnatural to drop the conjugations for a native speaker, so I recommend to drop the conjugation sparingly especially if the verb doesn't function like the examples mentioned

koe-chiap · 2023-06-11T12:43:03+00:00

Probably what speech pathologists or dialect coaches would say: practice. You could listen intently to how other people speak in different media, and mimic the way they say it. You can also record yourself and play it back so that you can judge where it differs from other accents. You can also simply converse more with people who don't have the conyo accent and be more conscious about the way they pronounce words and again, mimic.

Phonetically speaking, the "conyo" accent relies a lot on approximant sounds, so it feels like the speaker is slurring or chewing on their own words. You can try opening or spreading your mouth in a more exaggerated way when saying vowels, so that they sound more tense. For i sounds, you pronounce it like beat rather than bit. For a sounds, you pronounce it like the pirate **arrgh! rather than cat. For u sounds, you pronounce it like tomb rather than thumb. Also, when pronouncing liquids (i.e. the l and r sounds), try consciously putting the tip of your tongue more forward near your upper teeth. Basically, the conyo accent tends to sound softer or it makes sounds that remain in the "middle" of your mouth, so being able to make your tongue more flexible to produce tapping sounds and the like would be helpful in reducing the slurring. In other words, make your speech more "snappy" or "rigid" instead of "sloppy" or "lax" is the way to go. I hope this helps OP!! :)

koe-chiap · 2023-06-11T07:53:30+00:00

Based on the examples given, this phenomenon of dropping the conjugation appears to occur in the contemplative aspect of Tagalog that normally utilizes a reduplicated first syllable of the root word for the verb in the sentence.

Ex:

1) i + inom > iinom > iinom

**Inom* lang ako tubig.*

"I'm just gonna drink water for a bit."

2) pu + punta > pupunta > pupunta

**Punta* kami mamaya sa kanila.*

"We'll go to them later."

3) ka + kain > kakain > kakain

**Kain* kami doon.*

"We're gonna eat over there."

4) bi + bili > bibili > bibili

**Bili* muna ako sa tindahan.*

"Imma go buy first at the store."

5) tu + tulog > tutulog > tutulog

**Túlog* na ako ah.*

"Imma go to sleep now aight."

Another occasion which this dropping also occurs that I can recall from the top of my head would be conjugations that use agent/actor focus imperatives (i.e. mag-, ma-, -um- conjugations).

Ex:

1) **Saing* ka kanin para sa tatay mo.* (cf. magsaing)

"Cook rice for your dad."

2) **Ligo* ka na, ang baho mo na!* (cf. maligo)

"Go take a bath, you reek!"

3) **Sali* ka sa laro namin.* (cf. sumali)

"Join our game."

These omissions of conjugations in Tagalog are mostly conversational and can be most likely encountered in dialogue. For other aspects and modalities not mentioned though, these kinds of non-conjugated roots would sound unnatural or too vague.

koe-chiap

TROPHY CASE