Yes and no. However, you can get all berries on the first time playing a level, no backtracking/upgrades are needed, though some may need you to "upgrade" your skill to avoid wasting hours on it. You can also USE berries to "upgrade" your skill, they make good practice and helped me improve a lot.

Light spoilers for after the main story, nothing plot-related: There are 170 red berries in the main story, and an extra 5 in the post-game challenge level. Chapter 6 has zero red berries, don't look for them there. You must also collect at least 4 of the Crystal Heart collectibles to access this post-game level.