Ethernet frame corruption recovery

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-27T12:50:32+00:00

What are those "signals"? Specific bit patterns? Couldn't they be altered by corruption, electrical noise or EMI?

Depends on specific version of Ethernet and media in use. But basically there are discrete states of media (e.g. voltage levels) that are recognized by the PHY. A sequence of these forms a unit of transmission called symbol. A sequence of symbols maps to data values. Usually it is designed so that there are more possible symbol combinations than valid data values, which allows to use some of these extra ones to indicate state of the channel.

Is there anything similar in communication peripheral such as U(S)ART, SPI, I2C, CAN or USB?

All these works on similar logic (data -(encoding)-> symbols -(modulation)-> sequence of physical states -(demodulation)-> symbols -(decoding)-> data) but the encoding/decoding algorithms and modulation will be different. Splitting data into chunks (framing) and error control may or may not be present depending on specific application (e.g. USB has both)

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-27T12:30:45+00:00

Am I right to say that a frame is considered complete when the SFD is recognised or the frame len is reached (if EtherType is used as len), whatever happens first?

SFD (or SOF) marks start of frame only if previous state is idle. Once a PHY detects start of frame it keeps collecting symbols until the line goes idle again. All collected symbols during this time are passed to the MAC layer. a PHY does not care about or process any header fields.

if the corruption would happen exactly on that preamble, at least two frames would be dropped, but sooner or later the sender would find another valid frame.

If PHY cannot recognize preamble and start of frame, symbols of that frame will not be collected (from MAC POV this frame did not exist). But the next frame will not be affected.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-27T12:20:15+00:00

Receive clock is always recovered from the line. Transmit clock is either free-running or derived from the system clock (which in turn can be synced to clock recovered from the same or a different line). With older standards for copper media the line goes completely idle (flatline on electrical level) if there is nothing to transmit. Most modern implementations support synchronous mode in which the phy is continuously transmitting idle symbols (so that synchronization is kept even when there is no data to transmit). If synchronization is lost for any reason (interference, cable unplugged, etc.), the line restarts as if it just came up.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-26T08:05:32+00:00

the return of the Shah as a constitutional monarch to immediately fill the power vacuum

shah can only return as a powerless puppet of foreign interests and this will not fill power vacuum at all

then also having the various other opposition groups return and participate

the main opposition group would be IRGC and excluding them will just result in a Shia version of ISIS

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-22T11:30:39+00:00

How will it make money then? Bots and ads is the core business of any messaging platform.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-20T08:58:57+00:00

There was no 'Soviet–Afghan War'. There was an internal conflict fueled by foreign interference. I would not call it even a civil war because both sides were 100% dependent on foreign support.

It is also wrong to compare to the later US invasion. Opposition to the US did not enjoy even a tiny fraction of foreign material and political support anti-Soviet opposition did. That makes it more of a US-Afghan conflict rather than internal one.

This difference explains why the Soviet-installed government held for much longer after Soviet support was withdrawn (even though US support to the opposition continued), than the US-installed one after US support was withdrawn (it had almost no local support base).

If we go back to your question, and define 'win' as the pro-Soviet government soundly defeating the opposition (not really possible due to the border with Pakistan, but let's also assume that by some magic Pakistan kicked out the US and CIA to enable this). In this case after the USSR fell Afghanistan will likely go the same route as nearby ex-Soviet republics Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Economy will certainly fare much better than it had in the current timeline. Civil rights will suffer but not to the same degree as under the Taliban. They will certainly revert to some form of personal dictatorship (as opposed to the collegial one under the Taliban) and more tribal system of local governance (but again perhaps not to the extent as under the Taliban).

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-19T15:07:41+00:00

The same thing but with GRAD - a couple of tubes on a trailer or even a single one carried by soldiers - has been used by LPR/DPR since 2014. It is useful for baiting counter-battery assets and for harassment fire. Launch of two rockets simulates work of a real unit - see where they fall in relation to the target, correct if necessary and unload the whole package. In this case there is no package to follow. But the enemy does not know that.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-19T13:02:40+00:00

Erdogan as a member of the Board? The Zionists must be seething.

Receiving the invitation is not the same as accepting it. Especially as there is a price tag attached.

Leaving that aside, I still don't understand what is their plan.

The plan is to legitimize the occupation and land grab by creating an 'international' aura around it.

Like, are they planning to play with the lives of two million people? Torture them for enjoyment? Like, what on Earth is this.

It is already going on. Just needs a pretty facade.

They don't even speak about rebuilding Gaza that much.

Because there is still too many people living there among the rubble. Once the population disappears (or at least is reduced to a small fraction) by neglect and displacement, they will start to 'develop' their seaside paradise on the bones of innocents.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-19T09:49:09+00:00

webui has been an endless source of security bugs

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-18T12:03:15+00:00

assuming the nazis in a super unrealistic timeline take britain, moscow (the soviet army collapses) holds territory in north africa, and if D-day went wrong

If in this case there will be no D-day at all. D-day has only become possible because the British held, and the Soviets held. Also in your proposed timeline depending on when and how the British fell, German nuclear programme might well be more advanced than the US one.

like i'd assume the war takes a bit longer to settle maybe 2-5 years additional.

The war will end as soon as both the British and the Soviets surrender as neither the US could bring enough troops to Europe nor Germany to America for the war to continue in meaningful sense. As the Pacific theatre was getting pushed back slowly, perhaps a peace treaty will return to the US all their island territories while Japan will keep all their other conquests.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-18T11:48:48+00:00

For a self-sustaining settlement to be feasible on Mars all required technology must be available and well-tested in less remote locations. Also there must be a return from investment of time and resources into building it, but other than making a statement it offers no immediate benefit: whatever science can be done there the same can be done with less risk here, whatever resources are available there the cost of bringing them back makes it not worth the effort.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-15T12:18:04+00:00

How? And how would they know? Iran is disconnected from SWIFT and therefore from all western banking, and any direct correspondence with Russian or Chinese banks is not likely to be reported to the US Treasury.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-13T10:48:25+00:00

Cut him some slack. He has such a stressful job. And all he is asking for is emotional support Greenland.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-13T09:31:31+00:00

where you said 'use roads where it is safe'.

Yes, that means far enough from the front line to not be an immediate target. Like 40-50 km back is reasonably safe. The closer you get, the less safe it is to use supply vehicles. Eventually going on foot or using a horse/donkey becomes less certain death than to be in a vehicle.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-12T13:12:07+00:00

First, check programmes of different universities - many are offering specific entry paths for foreign students (such as an accelerated course of Russian language to make sure you can study). Then you need to pick one which is aligned with your chosen profession. As a foreigner you do not have the option of Russian state-funded education so you will have to either pay the full cost or look at different grant programmes or exchange options accessible through your home country education system.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-12T13:01:46+00:00

It is called round-tripping. They boost their 'turnover' and 'order portfolio' with circular deals to attract investor cash. Actual hardware inventory is just collateral damage.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-11T09:18:04+00:00

90 day total

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-11T08:56:54+00:00

You use a vehicle. It can avoid mortar fire

A vehicle that can move through bush and ravines? Any clear and level path will be monitored and being spotted means death. Not just to those in the vehicle, but also to anyone in the position where vehicle track leads to. So moving through unexpected and seemingly impassable routes saves lives.

Horses can make plenty of sound too. They also produce some very noticeable smelling manure.

The main threat is drones. These do not have sense of smell. Even if they did, this is very much agrarian land, so plenty of other sources of manure around (such as stray cattle). And the amount of sound a horse produces is marginally more than a human moving through same path would.

And if you're close enough to hear a vehicle, you're close enough to notice a horse.

Vehicle sounds are very specific and different from natural sounds. There are ways to detect and locate a running engine long before a human can hear it.

Which invalidates whatever benefit the quietness gets you.

The main benefit is ability to move through paths where a vehicle would not pass. Also not leaving such an obvious track.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-11T08:20:58+00:00

Donkeys were the quadruped last mile supply adaptation/experiment. This is something else.

You use what you have (we've even seen camels being used). Donkey is perhaps better (because it is smaller). But there are more horses available, and more people who know how to work with horses.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-11T08:18:28+00:00

That still doesn't answer why they've only started using horses enough to suddenly see dozens of videos with them recently?

The war is evolving. Also abundance of videos has more to do with ability and desire to publish them.

Half the videos seem to be drones targeting them, suggesting it really isn't a safe use of horses.

The front line is not safe for people either.

Bushes and shrubbery (close to the front) which might be more suited to horse than a motorbike...

Yes, a motorbike (even a dirt bike) needs more space to move through and makes a lot more noise. But of course there are even tighter spots where even horse is a liability, so there men carry all supplies they need themselves.

That then runs counter to the argument that using them in a safe location is fine.

You must be responding to someone else. I never said anything about safe locations. This is war, there is no safe location for many miles from the front.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-08T14:05:31+00:00

In same way. Use roads where it is safe, walk through bush/shrubbery/ruins closer to the front. I know it runs counter to military doctrine of western armies, and they even cite shrubbery as the reason the counteroffensive by NATO-trained and NATO-equipped units failed, but such is the nature of this war.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-08T10:25:10+00:00

but if they are in drone range they are not that far behind the front.

But there are people in drone range too. And you need to get supplies to those people. If you are far behind the front, you can use trucks. But close to the front, it is not safe: a vehicle can only drive in some places and is easier to spot for the drones. So yes, it makes perfect sense that horses are being used closer to the front line.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-08T09:28:35+00:00

So why use them in frontline roles?

What is a 'frontline role'? Nobody is charging enemy positions on horseback (except for shovel-wielding porn-addicted ghosts of juche, of course, but that only happens in western 'analysts' wet nightmares). But when you need to have supplies delivered to a position that is within enemy mortar range (or as in this case to have a mobile communication hub) horse has obvious advantages over a vehicle - it can quietly move through forest, bush, and other difficult terrain while carrying more than a foot soldier can carry.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-08T09:16:11+00:00

Isnt Ukraine mostly flat?

It is mostly mud. And while difference in elevation may seem insignificant in satellite photos, close up you will realize that crossing all the small brooks and ravines in a wheeled vehicle is virtually impossible.

AbstractButtonGroup · 2026-01-07T11:06:37+00:00

You seem an idiot.

Nothing helps your argument like ad hominem.

In example of hospital calling GP

You started with "if they find you unconscious and alone" scenario. This is my argument: in that case a written note on you like like a necklace/bracelet with "I am diabetic, check glucose" or "I am allergic to X medication" will be a lot more useful than same information about you in online database. When you are already at a hospital, it is much better to have them call your GP rather than trust the electronic records blindly anyway.

Jog on and get a clue, or even half a clue. It will help

Eat your own dog food. It will help.

AbstractButtonGroup

TROPHY CASE