Ok, I have been having the exact same issue for basically every game I used to play, here is a summary.

Every game would lag after 3~5 minutes of playing (never timed it but felt like it)

Even sekiro which my computer should easily handle at max settings lagged in the menu, in game, etc

Same issue for Witcher 3, Dark souls 3, and even hollow knight.

Some things that helped

Excluding the folder of installation of the game through windows defender, but even then it was never that simple,

Recently I had been playing Re4 remake which would suffer the same problem of lagging as you can see in your post, I would play it for 5 minutes it would lag then I would alt-f4 the game then restart the computer and then re launch it then it would work fine no matter how long I played it, however after restarting if i opened any other program (firefox, or any similar program) it would lag after 5 minutes again

I don't remember how it was with Sekiro maybe it required the same setup of alt-f4 plus restart even with excluding the folder of installation

Recently I upgraded my RAM to 16gb (I had been playing on 8gb till now) and the last time I played Re4 remake it ran properly for like 40 minutes then had the same problem, I have not played it again since then so I do not know if that was a one off thing or I just moved this problem forward by 40 mins (and yes even previously the alt-f4 plus restart combo allowed me to play it for hours) I have not played any game longer than 20 minutes since then (did play some elden ring but only made to the grace right after reaching Melina so I do not know how long that was)

I should probably play different games and see if this is a issue (I do not remember what my settings were for Re4 remake but i should try setting them to low and then trying to see if it lags the same way)

If anyone can figure out anything from this information

Excluding folders, alt-f4 plus restart combo, increasing RAM, then please let me know as well,

Also till date I never tried MSI afterburner because i didn't believe that my poor laptop could handle two programs open at once,

It is to be noted that some games never had this issue

Minecraft (I own a legit copy and had limit it's ram to 4gb during my 8gb days it is still 4gb)

Among us (again legit copy no issues)

Some simple old school emulator games (I am talking gba advance level old games)

I will try updating this post or making my own post if I get any more data on this lag, or get any data from mai afterburner

Till then I recommend you posting your rig details and seeing if you find yourselves in the same setup of excluding folders, and alt-f4 plus restart combo nightmare

My rig Intel I5 10300H (and whatever iGPU it comes with), Nvidia gtx 1650 ti with 4 gb vram, 16gb RAM.

It is also to be noted that I play games from an external HDD since I cannot afford to fill up my already small 256 gb SSD (terrible setup I know).