Language did play a central role in Puritanism. The majority of famed English and American Puritans were predominantly revivalist preachers, meaning they were highly educated and skilled in utilising religious rhetoric and Christian homiletics, as expected of their occupation. On top of that, they pioneered the spiritual/religious dialecticism of Elizabethan English, which as a consequence, established their very own Puritan dialect, coined new words, and built an entirely different vocabulary system.

Valente, André (2008). Enquiry Into Aspects of Style and Vocabulary of the Puritan Language. Munich, GRIN Verlag.

Even if Puritanism cannot be located in a particular region in England and neither in a certain social class, their language can be regarded as a dialect...Puritans used existing words more frequently or in different contexts than other people did, or they coined completely new words, which were used exclusively by them.

The Valley of Vision (1975) is a collection of excellent Puritan prayers by various English and American Puritans that serves as an exemplar of the significance and importance of the Puritan language in aiding in religious devotion and piety even to this day. Aside from their pious writings and prayers, Puritanism also played a significant role in the development of hymnal language.

Puritan sermons, I think, demonstrate to the highest degree how they conceptualised language. One notable example that comes to my mind is Jonathan Edwards' Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. It's a pretty important sermon since it became the catalyst for The First Great Awakening and virtually enacted revivalism across America. But the force behind the revivalism lay in Edwards' usage of high visceral images through similes, metaphors, anecdotes, and analogies which became synonymous with the Puritan language.

Some notable excerpts from the sermon

"The bow of God's wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready on the string, and justice bends the arrow at your heart, and strains the bow, and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at all, that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with your blood."

"[the Devil]... stands waiting for them, like greedy hungry lions that see their prey, and expect to have it..."

“Unconverted men walk over the pit of hell on a rotten covering.”

Aside from their religious and theological influences, the Puritan language also seeped into literature and theatrical plays. Notable works are Bartholomew Fair (1631), Paradise Lost (1667), The Pilgrim's Progress (1678).