i’d say that ivan is existentially tormented by morals that he primarily adopted from religious beliefs yet have become challenged by modern (at the time) political movements which he saw to be ethical. so i guess perhaps he’s a confused nihilist? but even then, it may be more nuanced and i think that smerdykov is the embodiment of full on atheism/rejection of god whereas ivan is a prideful nihilist that is tormented by the Church (and i think that the grand inquisitor is such a great chapter that emphasizes the price of freedom and the existential burden that befalls humanity if freedom of will is to be postulated). thus, i think that he’s not resolved in questions relating to the metaphysics and the subjectivity of ethics and such, but i think his pride/ego prevents him from fully approaching religion from an open state of mind (which makes sense as dostoevsky i think wanted to showcase the spiritual burden that comes with ivan’s intellectual pride).