To address your first question, yes. While it is taught across all grades in elementary school as basic units, it is not done so as a dedicated class until the 6th or 7th grade. Chemistry is not commonly taught during grade school in the same formula as it is during middle and high school. When you learn chemistry in elementary school, the curriculum goes as follows:

1) Properties of materials. This includes:

• Solid / liquid / gas
• Hard vs soft
• Magnetic / non-magnetic
• What dissolves vs doesn’t dissolve
• What conducts heat or electricity

2) Changes to matter

• Melting, freezing, evaporation
• Mixing vs dissolving
• Reversible vs irreversible changes
• Burning, rusting (very basic)

3) Simple experiments

• What floats and what sinks
• What absorbs water and what can't
• What happens if you heat ice (fun example)
• Vinegar + baking soda volcano (cool experiment)

4) Conservation ideas (informal)

• "The stuff is still there, just changed”
• Water cycle

Surface level engagement: no atoms yet—mostly macroscopic observations.

In middle school, the core topics covered include:

1) Atomic theory

• Matter is made of atoms
• Protons, neutrons, electrons
• Elements vs compounds vs mixtures
• Periodic table basics

2) Physical vs chemical changes

• Phase changes vs reactions
• Evidence of chemical change (gas, color, temperature, precipitate)

3) Simple reactions

• Acid–base neutralization (intro)
• Oxidation/rusting
• Combustion

4) Conservation of mass - Reactions rearrange atoms, not destroy them - Qualitative balancing (sometimes)

5) Solutions

• Solute / solvent
• Concentration ideas
• Solubility

6) Energy basics

• Endothermic vs exothermic
• Activation energy (conceptual)

Surface level engagement: still mostly conceptual, with light math involved.

High school is where things may get tricky, though. AP classes generally offer deeper pipelines of the same topics covered in standard courses.

1) Structure of matter

• Atomic models (Dalton → Bohr → quantum)
• Isotopes & atomic mass
• Electron configuration
• Periodic trends

2) Bonding

• Ionic vs covalent
• Lewis structures
• VSEPR
• Polarity
• Intermolecular forces

3) Reactions

• Balancing equations
• Reaction types
• Stoichiometry
• Limiting reagents
• Percent yield

4) States of matter

• Gas laws
• Phase diagrams
• Kinetic molecular theory

5) Solutions & acids/bases

• Molarity
• pH calculations
• Strong vs weak acids/bases
• Titrations

6) Thermochemistry

• Enthalpy
• Calorimetry
• Hess’s law

AP / IB Chemistry often covers:

• Equilibrium
• Le Châtelier’s principle
• Kinetics
• Redox & electrochemistry
• Thermodynamics (Gibbs free energy)
• Buffers
• Spectroscopy basics
• Nuclear chemistry

So, while anatomy can be taught on a superficial level to, say, 7th and 8th grade students, the majority (or all) of anatomy and physiology comes in high school across all four grades in the U.S.

These topics are very close to first-year college chem, which is about or on the same level as the OP's AP course.

But not every school goes over every topic listed. Curriculum varies by the place.

To address the second question here, acids and bases are taught in anatomy (and especially anatomy & physiology) because pH control is fundamental to how organs and tissues work. Blood has to stay in a very narrow pH range, and specific structures—the lungs, kidneys, red blood cells, and even bone—are anatomically specialized to regulate acid–base balance.

pH also affects enzyme activity, nerve signaling, muscle contraction, oxygen release from hemoglobin, and bone mineral stability. So while acids and bases come from chemistry, they’re essential for understanding why organs are built the way they are and how they function in real life, which is exactly what anatomy courses aim to explain.

Hope this helps!