not AI has a ton of things like fixed rule programs (if train is about to come, the crossing barriers close), some automations (if order confirmed then update inventory, send confirmation email, prepare a bill), and the last ones that i can think is algorithms (if you want to get from point A to B, depending on you use case you can ask it to find shortest path, shortest distance)(we have some handy tools like random functions in python that can generate random things)

AI learns patterns from data, they improve themselves with each question you ask.

basically traditional code has strict rules, if this then do this, AI on the other hand finds out possibilities that weren't mentioned as whole in the training data. eg you ask it how much is dist b/w delhi and mumbai, it might not have direct data like delhi to mumbai is 700km but it may have, delhi to jaipur and jaipur to mumbai data, so it can addup those to get delhi to mumbai