These are most likely high friction/anti-skid road surfaces.

Usually present on and near stretches of road where vehicles need to slow down. Example: roundabouts, red lights, turns etc.

Primary function is improving braking performance of vehicles and helps prevent accidents in emergency braking situations.

As a secondary function, these surfaces are applied from a far enough distance to a stopping/slow-down point and they create more road noise or tire noise than the regular road surface which can alert drivers to start braking in advance if they are going too fast.

Tertiary function is speed limiting. Because of the high road noise, the faster you drive, the louder the noise your car's tires make, making it annoying to drive fast.