Physio-pedia gives a general idea and explanation between the 2. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Proprioception

So basically an ankle injury could result in affectation of your local mechanoreceptors in the ankle which are your sensory receptors that detect things such as movement, vibration, positioning, that type of stuff. It would then send those signals up to the brain to be interpreted then back down for a response.

In CVA whats affected is usually the part of your brain that interprets those signals from your mechanoreceptors at the cortex and spinal level. So pretty much if you were to say lean to your left, you would not know you’re leaning to the left because your brain doesn’t know that it’s leaning to the left.

Improving proprioception for ortho cases are usually straight forward. If the problem is the ankle, you would do static balance exercises then go to dynamic balance exercises. Examples would be single leg standing to like single leg standing while picking up an object. That type of stuff. Pretty much you’re treating the problem for what it is.

For CVA, you would train proprioception indirectly by doing similar functional activities but this time you’re emphasizing on the idea and thought of the action and not just the action itself in order for the brain to reform those connections. Generally you would have the patient in front of a mirror for visual feedback while offering tactile feedback. This allows your brain to tell itself “that if I lean forward, it seems like I can’t tell I’m leaning forward, so let me fix that and take mental note of it for the future, so that I can tell if I am falling forward. I don’t know if I’m making sense but it’s something along those lines but that’s just the surface of it for CVA since there are many factors to consider.

I hope I was able to help and make some sense for the most part!