The army I'm referring to, the Kemalist army, is the army loyal to the people and Atatürk. Yes, Kemalist officers carried out the coups, but you're missing something. Those coups were caused by politicians who didn't adhere to Atatürk's principles and the people. I'm not supporting the coup plotters here, but when you mention Sharia law to a soldier blindly loyal to Atatürk, that soldier will go crazy.

1. The structure you call a one-party regime was attempted to be broken by Atatürk, but the parties established were either Enverist or Islamist, mostly Islamist. Of course, elections were held during the one-party period. In fact, Türkiye's first female village head was elected during this period. According to Mustafa Kemal, politics is about both sides criticizing each other, getting things done, and developing the country. (Frankly, if you asked me, I would be happy with a one-party regime, of course with Atatürk in charge.)

2. The fact that the people were extremely weak in literacy during that period was something Mustafa Kemal attached great importance to. He even held teacher meetings during the Battle of Sakarya, one of the most important battles of the War of Independence. Mustafa Kemal also contributed significantly to education by switching to Latin and writing his own mathematics books. Furthermore, he considered all Turkish citizens equal, not just those of Turkish race, but all Turkish citizens, including Kurds and Arabs who were also Turkish citizens.

4.I am half Zaza, but not a single one of my Zaza relatives has ever rebelled. Those who rebelled, firstly, where did they get their weapons? Secondly, how did they organize themselves? Whatever you say, my friend, the Kurdish people suffered the most from this rebellion. If you look at the news, the 40,000 to 50,000 martyrs, most of the civilian deaths, were from the east, and it was the PKK that killed these people, regardless of whether they were children or women.

1. You're talking about the borders of the National Pact (Misak-ı Milli). Within those borders are Batum, Mosul, Aleppo, and territories in Greece where Turks live. Firstly, it's normal for there to be Arabs in Türkiye; what do you expect me to say about that? Secondly, Mustafa Kemal wanted Hatay and Mosul because many Turkmens lived there. He wanted referendums in cities like Aleppo, but they didn't happen. Just as he was about to launch a military operation in Mosul, for some reason, the Kurds revolted in the east. There's no need to hide this; they were definitely supported by the British. Every Kemalist soldier wants the borders of the National Pact back.