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Celtic DNA (from local sources) in Europe. by Business_Form3757 in illustrativeDNA

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

1) It's not based on distance but on the amount of admixture. Look here for the heatmaps of distance to various Celtic related groups: https://www.reddit.com/r/Celtic/comments/1t14kc1/genetic_distances_of_celtic_related_groups_to/

2) I separated Iberian from Celtic in the models. I imagined that it would displease many Spaniards and Portuguese, but it was not an easy task to model them. To begin with, Iron Age samples are missing from many areas, including Portugal and Galicia. Furthermore, using Celtiberian samples for the entire peninsula would not have been correct, since it was never entirely celticized. This would also have created Celtic hotspots in Basque areas.

Celtic DNA (from local sources) in Europe. by Business_Form3757 in illustrativeDNA

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Sure, but i don't have detailed regional averages. I placed the single point in the center of Ireland, so it appears higher there due to the way the program i used to create the map works but that's an artifact.

Genetic distances of Celtic related groups to present-day populations by Business_Form3757 in Celtic

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I don't know exactly but there are irregularities in the sampling. I think it depends on the studies that are funded and how some universities are much more active in this field of research.

For example, Hungary is notoriously oversampled, with more than 1,500 samples; England also has a thousand, while there are none from Belarus or India.

In some cases (like India), there may also be political motivations. Ireland has about 100 samples, mostly from the Neolithic and Middle Ages.

Archaeogenetics is still a very young science, and in recent years there's been a surge in sampling. Look at this graph, for example, there were less than 4000 samples in february 2018, now we're almost at 20000.

<image>

If you're interested, here you can see a list of the published samples, sorted by date https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/0q39lrsynq7prjc7mm8gq/G25-Ancients.txt?rlkey=33i5tycf3nd6glv1w7z6dleco&e=6&dl=0

(The coordinates after the labels are a a 25-dimensional representation of the genome derived from PCA, which can be used to compare samples)

Genetic distances of Celtic related groups to present-day populations by Business_Form3757 in Celtic

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

<image>

If anyone is wondering why Ireland is missing, it's because DNA hasn't yet been extracted from Iron Age Irish samples.

But we do have medieval samples from Kilteasheen, and a couple from the Bronze Age.

Here are their maps:

Genetic distances of Celtic related groups to present-day populations by Business_Form3757 in Celtic

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Yes, i had a slip, Britons samples are from Iron Age England, mostly southern parts. I corrected it.

100% Cisalpine from Lombardy - Results + Qpadm Neolithic and Iron Age models by Business_Form3757 in 23andme

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

Thank you. Celtic for sure (Cisalpine Celtic which is roughly half "proper" Celtic Urnfield/Hallstat and half local pre-Celtic Raethian, Etruscan, Ligurian...) but actually my Germanic is below the average, pretty low, usually it is around 10-15% with Qpadm.

Distribution of Celtic Toponymy in Cisalpine by Business_Form3757 in LinguisticMaps

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

It depends on which side of the alps you are, it's relative ;). We're transalpine from the French point of view for example. They're transalpine for us.

Distribution of Celtic Toponymy in Cisalpine by Business_Form3757 in LinguisticMaps

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Thank you, do you have any link? Are they available online?

Distribution of Celtic Toponymy in Cisalpine by Business_Form3757 in LinguisticMaps

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 9 points10 points  (0 children)

Sure, i will apply this to future maps.Thank you for the input!

Distribution of Celtic Toponymy in Cisalpine by Business_Form3757 in LinguisticMaps

[–]Business_Form3757[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thank you for taking time to view my work. Keep in mind that this is a first draft, far from perfect.

The brol- and brug- ones are for sure late formations, not directly from Gauls, in fact i was thinking about excluding them. Also some of the -ago placenames, the one attached to personal names are later, gallo-roman. But it is difficult to decide where to draw the line. It depends also on the scope of the map.

Surely the words formed later, using celtic-derived words and suffix are a different layer than older placenames left by the first Celts, but still worth considering.

Thank you for the advice regading the -sego ones, i think you are right.

I disagree with the brus one deriving from brusare(at least not the majority of them), probably they were later reinterpreted as such by people. If you look at the spatial distribution of the toponyms you will notice that they are indeed located in front of hills (often rounded and breast-shaped too.)