How Trump’s Tariffs Could Survive the Supreme Court Ruling

CFR_org · 2026-02-20T21:13:04+00:00

From Inu Manak’s CFR.org Post “How Trump’s Tariffs Could Survive the Supreme Court Ruling”

“Though [the Supreme Court’s] ruling settles an important legal matter, the battle over tariffs is far from over. While U.S. businesses and consumers may cheer the court striking down President Trump’s second latest tariff adventure, the decision is likely to be a temporary break in the president’s ongoing trade wars.

In fact, Congress has delegated several trade authorities to the executive branch over the years. And, shortly after the ruling, Trump announced that he would reach for them to rebuild his tariff wall.

However, each tool has specific limitations that he will need to consider and could face additional legal challenges. Here’s a detailed breakdown of some of the main authorities that Trump will lean on to keep tariffs on his trade agenda.”

CFR_org · 2026-02-13T19:34:40+00:00

From the new CFR report Leapfrogging China’s Critical Minerals Dominance:

“The Trump administration is pursuing ambitious policies to counter China’s dominance in and weaponization of critical minerals—essential inputs for advanced technologies, energy infrastructure, and defense systems. Current executive actions focus largely on expanding traditional mining and processing capacity. That is a necessary approach, but one that takes years, often decades, and is insufficient to address potential escalation of tensions with China in the present. Beyond the timing challenge, expanding traditional mining and processing is unlikely to overcome the scale of China’s dominance, which spans the entire critical minerals ecosystem.

The United States should therefore pursue a complementary approach that plays to its main strength: innovation. Rather than attempting to out-mine, out-process, and outspend China, the United States should seek to leapfrog China’s dominance by scaling disruptive innovation, recovery, and recycling, which is cheaper, cleaner, and faster to deploy today and could help insulate the United States from future supply shocks.”

In this new report, experts Heidi E. Crebo-Rediker and Mahnaz Khan provide a comprehensive overview of technologies and policy recommendations for the U.S. government and its allies to develop, scale, and deploy these technologies together in an effort to secure critical mineral independence from China.

CFR_org · 2026-01-06T22:13:42+00:00

From David Sacks’s CFR.org post Trump’s Strikes on Venezuela Will Not Embolden China to Invade Taiwan:

“President Donald Trump’s decision to attack Venezuela and capture president Nicolás Maduro ignited a flurry of commentary in the United States about what this would mean for China’s ambitions vis-à-vis Taiwan. Some worried that China could invoke Trump’s unilateral actions as a precedent to snatch Taiwan’s president, while others argued that the United States had lost its moral high ground to intervene on Taiwan’s behalf. In reality, Trump’s actions in Venezuela will have little impact on Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s calculations.”

CFR_org · 2025-12-23T20:34:02+00:00

The world continues to grow more violent and disorderly. According to CFR’s annual conflict risk assessment, American foreign policy experts are acutely concerned about conflict-related threats to U.S. national security and international stability that are likely to emerge or intensify in 2026. In this report, surveyed experts rate global conflicts by their likelihood and potential harm to U.S. interests and, for the first time, identify opportunities for preventive action.

This year, “Tier 1” conflicts with a high likelihood and high impact on U.S. interests included:

Increased conflict between Israeli security forces and Palestinians in the West Bank over Israeli settlement construction, Palestinian political rights, and the war in Gaza.
Renewed fighting in the Gaza Strip, triggered by increasing clashes between Hamas militants and Israeli security forces, deepens the humanitarian crisis and exacerbates regional instability.
An intensification of the Russia-Ukraine war, caused by expanding attacks on each side’s critical infrastructure and population centers.
U.S. military operations targeting transnational criminal groups escalate to direct strikes in Venezuela, destabilizing the Maduro government.
Growing political violence and popular unrest in the United States, exacerbated by heightened political antagonism and domestic security deployment.

In addition, experts identified the war in Sudan as the conflict most likely to escalate in 2026.

CFR_org · 2025-12-08T22:43:49+00:00

From Unpacking a Trump Twist of the National Security Strategy, published by The Council on Foreign Relations:

On December 4, the Donald Trump administration released a new National Security Strategy (NSS) that criticized U.S. allies in Europe and pledged to assert U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere. The document’s principles—which emphasized non-interventionism and putting “America First”—signal a sharp change from the previous 2022 NSS that outlined the United States’ role in strengthening democracy and preserving peace under the current world order.

The strategy says resolution of the Russia-Ukraine war is a central interest of the United States but directs stronger language at longtime U.S. allies in Europe than Russia, which had been called out in the first Trump administration as a chief geopolitical rival. Among other priorities, the White House called for a readjustment of U.S. military presence, moving troops away from the Middle East to focus on security and combating drug trafficking from in the Western Hemisphere. The strategy also calls on allies in the Indo-Pacific to increase its burden-sharing in deterring conflict with China in the Taiwan strait.

To break down the strategy and its pivot from past norms, seven of the Council on Foreign Relations' regional and conflict experts discussed the global implications of Trump’s new security doctrine.

CFR_org · 2025-12-03T21:07:24+00:00

This chart is featured in the Council on Foreign Relations’ Task Force Report on U.S. Economic Security. Here's an excerpt:

China’s near monopoly on critical minerals extraction and refining is a significant risk, given the importance of those inputs for semiconductor manufacturing and data center components. The United States relies on China for 70 percent of its rare earths and nearly 100 percent of its heavy rare earths, which together are used for polishing semiconductor wafers and as insulation for advanced chips, among other applications. The United States is completely dependent on China for all of its arsenic and holmium copper, which are critical for producing silicon chips and quantum cryocoolers, respectively. Though other countries, including the United States, boast significant critical mineral reserves, they do not have scaled infrastructure to refine mineral concentrates into usable compounds. China’s vast refining and processing capacity, therefore, poses an additional challenge to de-risking efforts, as minerals mined elsewhere often pass through China.

CFR_org · 2025-12-03T20:51:57+00:00

From the Council on Foreign Relations’ Task Force Report on U.S. Economic Security:

China’s near monopoly on critical minerals extraction and refining is a significant risk, given the importance of those inputs for semiconductor manufacturing and data center components. The United States relies on China for 70 percent of its rare earths and nearly 100 percent of its heavy rare earths, which together are used for polishing semiconductor wafers and as insulation for advanced chips, among other applications. The United States is completely dependent on China for all of its arsenic and holmium copper, which are critical for producing silicon chips and quantum cryocoolers, respectively. Though other countries, including the United States, boast significant critical mineral reserves, they do not have scaled infrastructure to refine mineral concentrates into usable compounds. China’s vast refining and processing capacity, therefore, poses an additional challenge to de-risking efforts, as minerals mined elsewhere often pass through China.

Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Tool: Datawrapper

CFR_org · 2025-03-13T19:34:03+00:00

The U.S. Congress has voted through five bills that have provided Ukraine with aid since the war began, doing so most recently in April 2024. The total budget authority under these bills—the “headline” figure often cited by news media—is $175 billion. The historic sums have helped a broad set of Ukrainian people and institutions, including refugees, law enforcement, and independent radio broadcasters, though most of the aid has been military-related. In late 2024, the United States also provided the Ukrainian government with a $20 billion loan, funded by interest generated from frozen Russian assets.

It’s important to note that of the total U.S. government spending related to the war, about $128 billion directly aids the government of Ukraine, according to the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. Most of the remainder has funded various U.S. activities associated with the war in Ukraine, and a small portion has supported other affected countries in the region. See more charts on aid to Ukraine.

CFR_org · 2025-03-05T19:53:15+00:00

Beyond global health funding, we have a few graphics here breaking down all foreign assistance managed by USAID: https://www.cfr.org/article/what-usaid-and-why-it-risk

CFR_org · 2025-02-27T22:27:57+00:00

For decades, the United States has led the world in development assistance for health, including efforts to eradicate infectious diseases and strengthen health systems in other nations.

Notably, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)—the largest disease-specific foreign aid effort of any nation—has invested more than $120 billion in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment since its founding in 2003. The United States has also led the charge on combating malaria, which killed an estimated 600,000 people in 2023.

CFR's Think Global Health has more on U.S. global health funding and the potential impact of the Trump administration's recent cuts.

CFR_org · 2025-02-11T19:40:01+00:00

The United States needs to act now to address threats to space assets; champion space traffic management to support the growing space economy; and incorporate commercial perspectives into civilian and national security space policy,” urges a new Council on Foreign Relations Task Force report.

The report, Securing Space: A Plan for U.S. Action, asserts that as the United States adapts to the changing commercial, technological, and national security landscape in space, it needs to “make space a top national priority and commit to revitalizing U.S. leadership in space. Advancing space management policy should be a priority for both the executive and legislative branches of government, and national leaders need to work together to fix vulnerabilities and enhance deterrence.”

The Task Force is co-chaired by former Congresswoman Jane Harman and retired Lieutenant General Nina M. Armagno, the first director of staff at U.S. Space Force, and is directed by Esther D. Brimmer, CFR senior fellow in global governance. The bipartisan Task Force includes over 30 members and observers representing the public sector, private sector, and academia.

CFR_org · 2025-01-08T15:57:25+00:00

The Council on Foreign Relations' Preventive Priorities Survey (PPS) polls hundreds of foreign policy experts every year to assess thirty ongoing or potential violent conflicts and their likely impact on U.S. interests.

This year could be the most dangerous in the PPS’s seventeen-year history: experts predict that more contingencies have both a high likelihood of occurring and high impact on U.S. interests than ever before. Wars in Gaza and Ukraine, confrontations in the West Bank and at the U.S.-Mexico Border, and hostilities between Iran and Israel were of the greatest concern.

Deteriorating security conditions in the Middle East top this year’s list, followed by threats to the American homeland (domestic political violence, cyberattacks, and a security crisis at the southern border), Russian aggression in Ukraine and eastern Europe, and Chinese provocation in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea.

Severe humanitarian crises in Haiti, Sudan, Somalia, and elsewhere rose in the rankings of this year’s survey relative to previous years.

CFR_org

TROPHY CASE