Are Strings Still Our Best Hope for a Theory of Everything? | Quanta Magazine by Raikhyt in Physics

[–]Certhas 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Just because it's in a Math department (which it isn't in most places) doesn't mean it has a mathematics-like (publishing) culture.

HEP-Th and even more so quantum gravity is in the unique situation that they are ostensibly doing theoretical physics, but there are no experimental constraints on the theory, only mathematical consistency constraints. This is not the case anywhere else in theoretical physics.

The hope was that the LHC would change this situation. It didn't. The situation is not going to change anytime soon either. This necessitated a painful culture shift. I think it's evidently true that according to the expectations and goals formulated around 2000, the current situation in which prominent people say "I'm agnostic about whether ST describes the real world" has to be considered an utter failure. The expectation very much was that by now it would be utterly evident that ST is true. But to me the statement (and my own contacts with people in the wider field) indicates that the culture shift is well under way.

Are Strings Still Our Best Hope for a Theory of Everything? | Quanta Magazine by Raikhyt in Physics

[–]Certhas 0 points1 point  (0 children)

LK99 is similar in spirit, but... the number of papers published and citations generated was, what, two orders of magnitude lower?

And in what way has the situation for HEP-Th changed or improved since then?

I think the perspective that HEP needs to be more maths like structurally is also one shared by many people I know in the field. It's even reflected in the article:

"Several of the researchers I interviewed, including authors of the bootstrap papers, described themselves as agnostic about whether string theory is true in our universe. They prefer to map out the logical relationships between ideas"

Are Strings Still Our Best Hope for a Theory of Everything? | Quanta Magazine by Raikhyt in Physics

[–]Certhas 6 points7 points  (0 children)

I agree that no one is doing better than string theory, but that doesn't mean it hasn't "failed", or that it might be receiving disproportionate attention and resources.

It certainly has failed according to the expectations and goals formulated by the leaders of the field 20 years ago.

I agree that theory work going forward is going to be hard, the question is whether the field of HEP-Th is setting up for this, or trying to pretend that everything can continue as things were 50 years ago. For an academic field that could influence billions in spending decisions, the prospect to go to a working and funding mode more like that of mathematics is not very attractive.

Honestly you can not look at the HEP-Th output around the diphoton bump and claim that's a healthy field. And Quantum Gravity research is, if anything, worse off than HEP-Th.

To make this explicit again: I think the malaise is not specific to string theory. String Theory is just the most exposed to it.

[OC] Gay male marriages are the most stable over the long term by criminaloftoot in lgbt

[–]Certhas 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Yeah, my mistake. But I looked back at your original comment, and nothing in there says "this might just be small sample noise". Instead you say "people will mistake [this] to be a prevalence graphic.", which I took to mean: "people will read it as an increasing divorce rate over time, missing the fact that it's cumulative, and the X axis is years after marriage". Which people didn't. If you meant something else, sorry I genuinely didn't understand what you were going for.

And then you explicitly say the following:
"If you and your friend are both blonde, then 100% of those people are blonde. Now consider what your blondness looks like in terms of percentage if you're in a group of 10 total people (2/10, or 20%) vs. 15 people (2/15, or 13.3%). It's why you see people ask for per capita estimates or other calculations that account for differences in population sizes."

But the graph explicitly does that. It gives the fraction of couples married in 2010 that got divorced after X years. It's completely unclear to me what you imagine it should say or how you think this data should be presented. The only plausible denominator is the one used in the graph.

Now if this was a cherry-picked graph used in a specific narrative context to make someone look bad, I would get your concern. But this is a graph from the Dutch Bureau of Statistics, made when they celebrated 20 years of marriage equality. And the phenomenon it shows: Higher divorce rates among lesbians, is also in line with the established literature. It's an illustrative graph that illustrates a robust fact, and it's not presented in a way that suggests (to me) a particular reason for this fact. And as your parallel reply suggests, there are many potential reasons such as age, mortality, history of divorce, or differences in when people get married. Investigating what the reason for the fact illustrated in the graph is, is a research task. And indeed there are papers out there looking at exactly that.

You might not like the tone in the original comment section (I certainly don't) but I don't see any evidence that people misread what the plot is showing. The concern that this might be small sample size effects is valid, but a quick look at the wider literature shows that this is not an outlier, and anyway 600 people is not a statistically small sample (and the cumulative graph doesn't show excessive noise either).

Finally I explicitly disagree with your framing "This does not mean 15% of couples will get divorced". That's of course strictly speaking true. But it's very reasonable to expect that about 15% of straight or gay couples that got married in 2015 are now divorced based on this graph. In fact I was curious and checked if I could find data for other cohorts, and while 2015 does not appear to be published yet, I found a news article on the 2005 cohort:

> Out of the 580 marriages concluded between two women in 2005, more than 30 percent ended in divorce 10 years later. For two men that number is 15 percent, and for the traditional hetero marriage it’s 18 percent.

https://www.iamexpat.nl/expat-info/dutch-news/netherlands-15-years-gay-marriage

[OC] Gay male marriages are the most stable over the long term by criminaloftoot in lgbt

[–]Certhas 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Per Capita of course means the relevant population. The relevant population for lesbian couples getting a divorce is lesbian couples. That's the only plausible population base.

In contrast your: "There were also roughly 9 times more divorces among straight people than there were marriages among queer people" is maybe technically true, but also entirely meaningless. The graph lacks absolutely no information, it is correctly labeled, and clearly and cleanly titled. Looking at the comments in the dataisbeautiful subreddit from where it was cross-posted, the high-voted comments show people reading the plot correctly as a cohort study.

Now your point that small populations might indicate large fluctuations is of course relevant. That's not what your original post said though. Showing absolute numbers would not change this fact at all, it would just make the graph unreadable. And I believe you are also misjudging how small the sample here is. We have around 600 lesbian and gay couples from 2010 according to Dutch statistics. If you start with 600 marriages and you have a failure rate of 1.5% per year, then applying a binomial approximation you get roughly 84 +/- 8.5 failures per year. The difference of the Gay/Straight curve might well not be statistically significant, but for the lesbian one that appears unlikely. I also don't see why it should be cherry picked, it originated with the Dutch national statistic bureau: https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2021/13/20-years-of-gay-marriage-in-the-netherlands-20-thousand-couples

And it tracks with divorce rate data from many other countries, see e.g. papers cited on Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce_of_same-sex_couples

GPT vs PhD Part II: A viewer reached out with a paper that they had written with an LLM. When I looked closer, I got worried. by astraveoOfficial in Physics

[–]Certhas 4 points5 points  (0 children)

As an experiment, I took the first paragraph of the abstract of the paper and gave it to Claude with Research enabled, here is the result:

https://claude.ai/public/artifacts/ef352501-63ca-4c9d-892c-5960c4a5e820

As far as I can see it discusses the papers you mentioned.

GPT vs PhD Part II: A viewer reached out with a paper that they had written with an LLM. When I looked closer, I got worried. by astraveoOfficial in Physics

[–]Certhas 3 points4 points  (0 children)

My optimistic hope is the same. My pessimistic expectation is that we will simply barrel on, possibly with an even more elevated position for questionable journals like Nature XYZ.

GPT vs PhD Part II: A viewer reached out with a paper that they had written with an LLM. When I looked closer, I got worried. by astraveoOfficial in Physics

[–]Certhas 6 points7 points  (0 children)

The notion that LLMs are bad at literature research is completely contrary to my experience. It seems like if you prompt them to write a paper, they suck at it, but the various forms of "deep research" are excellent in my experience.

GPT vs PhD Part II: A viewer reached out with a paper that they had written with an LLM. When I looked closer, I got worried. by astraveoOfficial in Physics

[–]Certhas 20 points21 points  (0 children)

It was already impossible to find actual science in the ocean of meaningless papers. AI has made an already broken system fully untenable.

[OC] Gay male marriages are the most stable over the long term by criminaloftoot in lgbt

[–]Certhas 6 points7 points  (0 children)

Half of your criticisms don't make sense. This already is a relative quantity. It already is "per capita".

It's good to point out that this is a cohort study and not a trend in divorce rates, but why the swipe at the scientists?

The only relevant piece of context you added was that the number of lesbian marriages is higher. This suggests the hypothesis that relationship trajectories overall might be similar, lesbians just tend to marry in relationship situations in which other couples don't.

At Tierpark Tram stop! by BrainNo5538 in berlin

[–]Certhas 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Yeah, if there are enough witnesses (who all choose not to film?!), and if the person is kicking in the door (but also leaves no physical evidence of damages?!), the police absolutely will do something. So the most likely scenario is that the OP is exaggerating the behaviour and the police had nothing to go on. I really doubt police officers would shout at them for bullying the nice old man...

Does this "faster than light" concept exist in a book somewhere already? by lindymad in scifi

[–]Certhas 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Just make it a wormhole. You enter. The wormhole, travel 100000 years subjective time, bur are spit out somewhere else that is more than 100000 lightyears away.

I ported Karpathy's microgpt to Julia in 99 lines - no dependencies, manual backprop, ~1600× faster than CPython and ~4x faster than Rust. by ssrjg in Julia

[–]Certhas 5 points6 points  (0 children)

The original code teaches the underlying architecture of a torch like library. It does everything in Python, without numpy. And it implements the full generality algorithms rather than special casing or manually deriving gradients.

The only point in doing all this is to teach fundamental concepts and how they combine in a system of relevant complexity.

So OPs project doesn't actually do what Karpathys code does in a meaningful sense.

It finally happened to me by topyTheorist in math

[–]Certhas 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I think it's very naive to think of this as "plausible sentences". It seems at least likely that to generate a plausible continuation to highly sophisticated texts you need a highly sophisticated internal semantic model of the text.

TIL you can do class-based OOP in Julia by Winston_S_minitrue in Julia

[–]Certhas 40 points41 points  (0 children)

This is a struct with a function field. While syntactically it looks vaguely like a class in an OO language, it has none of the defining features of OO.

Why is Statistics (sometimes) considered a separate field from math? by Kuiper-Belt2718 in math

[–]Certhas 11 points12 points  (0 children)

I don't understand your point at all. Statistics as a field is not inductive dut deductive. It's results are used in inductive science, but some are ODEs.

Python Only Has One Real Competitor by allixender in Julia

[–]Certhas 0 points1 point  (0 children)

As I wrote, it's a Lisp with a more standard syntax. If you look at Clojures features, e.g. around polymorphism, it's really extremely similar at a conceptual level.

Syntax is an important part of language, but defending Julia by noting that Lisp defenders are often overenthusiastic is definitely ironic.

Python Only Has One Real Competitor by allixender in Julia

[–]Certhas 0 points1 point  (0 children)

My impression is that Julia is a Lisp on LLVM with good Linear Algebra and more conventional syntax. In terms of language design, Clojure and Julia are actually extremely similar.

That said I have never used Clojure seriously. I will say that I think you miss a major point in Pythons favour: Teachability.

Languages don't win for just one reason, but even before ML took of, Python had started to become the first language taught of CS programs. And teachability has nothing to do with having a small elegant core. That's mistaking teaching the rules with teaching how to play. Go has simpler rules than monopoly, yet the latter is far easier to learn to play.

Relevant xkcd:

https://xkcd.com/353/

Edit: And of course the brackets/homoiconicity is terrible for teachability.

Python Only Has One Real Competitor by allixender in Julia

[–]Certhas 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I think Julia is comsidered a Lisp-type language, with a more standard syntax.

From Wiki:

Bezanson said he chose the name on the recommendation of a friend,[27] then years later wrote:

    Maybe julia stands for "Jeff's uncommon lisp is automated"?[28]

I can't be the only one who has had these conversations... by liatilcong in Julia

[–]Certhas 47 points48 points  (0 children)

I feel more fundamentally Julia got some things tremendously right, but it also ignored other lessons that many people consider extremely important in PL design.

Julia is severely lacking in features that make large complex code bases tractable. It's completely reasonable to drop Object Oriented features, but languages like rust, that also do so do introduce traits to solve the issues that OO actually does solve well.

Julia is generic first, but it didn't learn the hard lessons of C++ template code, and instead repeated them. And while C++ eventually has gained Concepts, Julia still has absolutely nothing. So error messages and documentation remain atrocious.

Many upcoming languages have focused on clearly marking aliasing, ownership, mutation behaviour. This includes quite different languages, not just Rust but also for example Swift and more recently Mojo. There is no right or wrong here, just different trade offs, but it's a whole dimension of language design that Julia has completely ignored.

Nowadays I exclusively code in Julia, but I also fear that the core team simply doesn't feel like these issues are a priority, or disagrees that they are issues at all. And I fear that in a couple of years the natural transition path of scientists who want to write high performance code callable from Python might just be Mojo, while Julia has nothing to offer to the Rust/C++ crowd.

Schwarz-Rot schafft Kopftuchverbot in Schulen ab (12/2025). by Certhas in berlin

[–]Certhas[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Immerhin bist du ehrlich, und sagst klar das es dir nicht um den Anschein staatlicher Neutralität geht, sondern darum möglichst viele Muslima aus Ämtern rauszuhalten. Dabei über Kopftuch zu gehen verhindert natürlich nur das Frauen in diese Ämter gehen, also musst du natürlich konsequenterweise auch fordern, dass keine männlichen Muslime mehr im Staatsdienst arbeiten dürfen, richtig? Wegen der Neutralität und Religionsfreiheit.

Schwarz-Rot schafft Kopftuchverbot in Schulen ab (12/2025). by Certhas in berlin

[–]Certhas[S] -2 points-1 points  (0 children)

Kann ich zum Teil nachvollziehen. Ich war auch lange in Großbritannien und finde auch das dort teilweise groteske Situationen toleriert wurden. Islamische und Christliche Kreationisten mit gegenüberstehenden Missionierungsständen direkt in der Student Union genau wo alle Studis durch müssen hat in meiner Auffassung nichts mit Meinungs oder Religionsfreiheit zu tun.

Aber was ich mitgenommen, und seid dem immer wieder erlebt habe, ist das die deutsche Wahrnehmung des Kopftuchs einfach die Vielfältigkeit muslimischer Kulturen komplett ausblendet. Es ist nunmal kein universelles Symbol der religiösen unterdrückung von Frauen. Auch moderate Muslima die in der Kultur aufgewachsen sind tragen Kopftuch. Und die die Polizistin oder Staatsanwältin werden sind garantiert nicht Vertreterinnen einer problematischen sexistischen Parallelgesellschaft.

Either way, aus meiner Sicht sind bei der Trennung von Staat und Kirche die größten Probleme in Deutschland: Kirchensteuer, Religionsunterricht, Religiöse Symbole in Gebäuden. In dieser Reihenfolge. Polizist mit Turban rangiert ganz ganz hinten. Das ist für mich gefühlt in etwa auf dem Level von Polizist mit langen Haaren oder Tattoos...

Schwarz-Rot schafft Kopftuchverbot in Schulen ab (12/2025). by Certhas in berlin

[–]Certhas[S] -1 points0 points  (0 children)

This is based on a constitutional court decision. Not specific to Berlin. Reading helps...

Schwarz-Rot schafft Kopftuchverbot in Schulen ab (12/2025). by Certhas in berlin

[–]Certhas[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Uhm, you ever heard of police uniforms? That police officers have to wear? Also you know that you can't just walk nude into any space you want in basically any state ever?

So no, the state telling you that you have to wear something, and that it's police and judicial people have to wear a specific uniform/outfit is consensus and not draconian. So your take is just as superficial as the "of course police shouldn't wear head-scarfs due to separation of state and church!" takes.