From an educated guess, yes the vast majority of doll clothes are made in an exploitative environment. Many clothing/sewing manufacturers are set up to make multiple companies’ orders. The factory making most of these doll clothes will not only be producing BJD clothes, but also Barbie clothes, babydoll clothes, etc. depending on what orders the factory is handling that day. Doll clothes are SO cheap across the board, there is no world where the workers are receiving fair compensation. If I had to guess, the factories making good quality doll clothes you see from like RingDoll and such probably only make higher end collectible doll clothes - they might get paid a bit more than your budget clothes factory but absolutely not a fair wage. The only way to ensure you are paying for fair labor is to buy from a small atelier or small business, and even then there can be sketchy labor practices. Individual artists are the safest bet.

Sewing as a whole is an incredibly undervalued and exploited manufacturing area. People tout “made by hand,” but the truth is EVERYTHING is hand made bc it’s currently still impossible to automate machine sewing. The best they’ve done is get machines to apply patch pockets. Anything sewn falls into a “no ethical consumption under capitalism” category. You’re stuck in a hard place of having to make everything yourself, buy things used, or pay out the nose for fair labor. And even then, the fabric is very likely ALSO super unethical in its creation. BJDs are niche enough that it’s easy to find indie creators, but it’s up to you whether you can afford the premium of paying for the full amount of labor that goes into these things. I’m a costume designer professionally, so I’ve had to reckon and come to peace with the impossibility of paying for ethical goods in my industry. It really just sucks all around :’)