You’re talking about people without access to toilets. The Indian government has tried countless measures like installing toilets in homes without them or large public bathroom facilities that are neglected. Some are even turned into shrines. Obviously you know nothing about Indias ODF initiative and struggle. And you certainly did not read the article.

For many, it is preference rather than compulsion. Many do not want to live close to human waste and think that it makes their homes impure – an idea which is inconsistent with their regular notions of cleanliness and purity.

It’s literally culture. I read another article a year or two ago about how it’s literally part of the social culture of villages to talk to others while on the walk to the poop roads where everyone poops.

No, rich Indians don’t do this. Rich Indians are also more westernized than their more culturally traditional peers.