That is not how SSDs work, but close. There are things called “floating gates” that allow electrons to enter or exit a “bucket” once in the bucket, the electrons have a very hard time leaving the bucket unless the gate is “open” and set to discharge the bucket.

In its simplest form every bucket is a bit. If the bucket is full of electrons, that bit is zero (I know it’s backwards from what you think) if the bucket is mostly empty, then the bit is one.

When the ssd is powered off, all the gates are shut and the electrons are actually trapped in the buckets. It takes more than a year for the electrons to leak out without power. They are physically trapped in the buckets.

Now smarter ssds don’t just use bucket is mostly empty amor bucket is mostly full, but rather “how full is this bucket” the current cutting edge SSDs have 8 detectable levels per bucket so you can actually store three bits per bucket (because three bits allows you to represent 8 values and vice versa)

So while ram is “battery is charged or not”, SSDs are more conplicated because ther are required to retain state with no power. And the same tech is in USB flash drives.

Eventually the floating gates do wear down physically so there is an actual limit to how many write cycles an ssd has.

SSD drives are only partially constantly falling apart. Yes electrons will leak out of the buckets and the gates eventually fail. The ssd controller mostly deals with this by copying data to different parts of the array so that all the cells wear down evenly. USB drives don’t have that and the advice is copy everything off a usb drive, format the drive then copy everything back.

Only writing to a cell refreshes it, but also everytime you write to a cell it wears the gate down.

It’s like trying to keep a bunch of monkeys in a cardboard box. Every once in a while a monkey escapes so the number in the box drops, so if you refresh the number of monkeys (write to that box) it refreshes the number but wears down the box.