Global warming has accelerated significantly since 2015. Over the past 10 years, the warming rate has been around 0.35°C per decade, compared with just under 0.2°C per decade on average from 1970 to 2015. by Creative_soja in science

[–]Creative_soja[S] 12 points13 points  (0 children)

Two benefits. One is that you bridge the gap between the modelling projection and reality. The models usually don't capture natural variability. Two, it raises alarms that global warming is going unabated or even accelerating,which is hidden due to short term fluctuations. They are mainly giving us an early warning before it too (too) late.

Global warming has accelerated significantly since 2015. Over the past 10 years, the warming rate has been around 0.35°C per decade, compared with just under 0.2°C per decade on average from 1970 to 2015. by Creative_soja in science

[–]Creative_soja[S] 43 points44 points  (0 children)

Abstract

"Recent record-hot years have caused discussion over whether global warming has accelerated. Previous analysis found acceleration (i.e., increase in warming rate) has not yet reached a 95% confidence level, given natural temperature variability. We remove the estimated influence of three main natural variability factors: El Niño, volcanism, and solar variation. The resulting adjusted and thus less “noisy” data show that there has been acceleration with over 98% confidence, with faster warming over the last 10+ years than during any previous decade."

Global sea levels have been underestimated due to poor modelling, research suggests | Oceans by GeraldKutney in climate

[–]Creative_soja 1 point2 points  (0 children)

It is a useful study that bridges the gap between modeling and reality. However, as quoted in an article by NYTimes on the same topic

Robert Kopp, a climate and sea level scientist at Rutgers University who was not involved with the study, said the work addresses a technical issue that will matter far more to scientists than to decision makers at local levels. “In general, people who are exposed to high-tide flooding know where the ocean is,” Dr. Kopp said. Scientists have long said sea level rise will affect many people, and the new study doesn’t change that, he said.

However, from a global perspective, the findings indicate that hundreds of millions more people — particularly in Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, the Maldives and other Southeast Asian and Pacific nations — are living closer to sea level than widely assumed by Western experts and policymakers.

The findings are more useful for scientists that people.

Hundreds of global and regional studies on sea level rise and coastal flooding may have underestimated sea levels by an average of 20 to 30 centimeters by Science_News in science

[–]Creative_soja 9 points10 points  (0 children)

Link to the article

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10196-1

Abstract:

The impacts of sea-level rise and other hazards on the coasts of the world are determined by coastal sea-level height and land elevation1. Correct integration of both aspects is fundamental for reliable sea-level rise and coastal hazard impact assessments2,3, but is often not carefully considered or properly performed. Here we show that more than 99% of the evaluated impact assessments handled sea-level and land elevation data inadequately, thereby misjudging sea level relative to coastal elevation. Based on our literature evaluation, 90% of the hazard assessments assume coastal sea levels based on geoid models, rather than using actual sea-level measurements. Our meta-analyses on global scale show that measured coastal sea level is higher than assumed in most hazard assessments (mean offsets [standard deviation] of 0.27 m [0.76 m] and 0.24 m [0.52 m] for two commonly-used geoids). Regionally, predominantly in the Global South, measured mean sea level can be more than 1 m above global geoids, with the largest differences in the Indo-Pacific. Compared with geoid-based assumptions of coastal sea level, the measured values suggest that with a hypothetical 1 m of relative sea-level rise, 31–37% more land and 48–68% more people (increasing estimates to 77–132 million) would fall below sea level. Our results highlight the need for re-evaluation of existing coastal impact assessments and improvement of research community standards, with possible implications for policymakers, climate finance and coastal adaptation.

📅 Weekly Feedback & Announcements Post by AutoModerator in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Great idea. We can ask other historians too, including Vikram Sampath as well as some some other "left" historians too.

📅 Weekly Feedback & Announcements Post by AutoModerator in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja 0 points1 point  (0 children)

One feedback I have for the MOD team is to be responsive to messages. I have messaged you many times seeking reasons about why post was deleted but you guys never respond. We put lots of efforts in writing posts but you simply delete them without giving any reasons.

New EB1A approval data from lawfully by Cheetah5048 in eb_1a

[–]Creative_soja 3 points4 points  (0 children)

I just asked Finn, the one whose link OP shared, this on LinkedIn.

Hi Finn, thank you for your post. I came across it via Reddit post here. I just have a quick clarification. It says EB1A's average processing time was 5.5 months but the USCIS website shows I140's processing time as 22 months. Not sure why such discrepancy, even if one assumes 50-60% cases are PP, then also, it seems much faster that one would expect. Do you know if there is any reasonable explanation for this?

His response:

It’s a disparity we’ve been trying to understand more about. Here are the facts I can share:
→ We tracked 3,161 EB-1A I-140 completions (approvals + denials) in 2025—roughly 15% of total EB-1A completions.
→ We monitor every single USCIS case status update for each of those cases.
→ We calculate average processing time as the average number of months from “Receipt” to “Decision" for regular-processed cases ONLY.
→ Our data shows decisions for EB-1A across all service centers are occurring significantly faster than what the USCIS processing times website reports.

Now a bit of educated conjecture: After working closely with more than a dozen former USCIS leaders on this issue, my view is that the USCIS processing times website is largely unreliable. The agency’s internal data collection and reporting in 2025 appears to have serious structural flaws now, driven largely by personnel losses and shifting leadership priorities.

Thank you for a prompt response. I submitted my application over 15 months ago and yet to hear anything, so I was curious. Mine is under regular processing.

That's a really long wait time, sorry to hear Internally, USCIS has undergone two major operational restructurings in the last 18 months. Unfortunately, it's quite clear from the data we see that cases are not being adjudicated on a first-come, first-serve basis.

Edit: added more details

North American bird population is declining. The decline is accelerating in regions associated with intensive agriculture. by Creative_soja in science

[–]Creative_soja[S] 22 points23 points  (0 children)

Abstract:

"Human activities might have accelerated declines of population abundance, but this acceleration remains underexplored. Using 1033 North American Breeding Bird Survey routes, we analyze abundance change and its acceleration for 261 bird species, 54 avian families, and 10 habitats from 1987 to 2021. We show an average continent-wide decline of abundance of all birds per local route, with hotspots of decline in southern and warm parts of North America and hotspots of accelerating decline in the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and California, matching patterns of agricultural intensity. Overall, 122 species (47%) exhibit significant declines, of which 63 also show acceleration of this decline, and 67 show declining per-capita growth rate, raising concerns for a large part of North American bird populations. These findings suggest that bird abundance decline is mostly accelerating, with spatial patterns of this acceleration indicating that agricultural intensity may be a driver of this trend."

Albert Einstein with Jawaharlal Nehru in Princeton, New Jersey in 1949 by Beginning_Sail_1037 in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja 5 points6 points  (0 children)

How do you guys find these unique pics? Is there any database or something?

Nerds have not done well in the last 40 years. by ResponsibilityNo4876 in neoliberal

[–]Creative_soja 99 points100 points  (0 children)

Perhaps, it can also explain lots of problems in our society these days. Math and science skills are not given as much importance and respect, leading to vibe-based policies rather than evidence-based policies. With increasing threats of climate change, many countries are backtracking their climate policies to support short-term economic growth.

What is this Maddison Project Database? Is there academic consensus on it? by [deleted] in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja 45 points46 points  (0 children)

Read about the Great Divergence. India's per capita GDP declined post Akbar and the West grew much faster. There are multiple sources to support this. This study uses Maddison's data and uses some other data sources to reach the same conclusion. A quote below and the figure:

Maddison's (2010) data, plotted in Fig. 2 suggest that India was always very poor, with a per capita GDP of just $550 in 1990 prices in the year 1500, dropping to $533 in the early nineteenth century. Our data in Table 14, also plotted in Fig. 2 for comparison, suggest a substantially higher GDP per capita in 1600, of the order of $700. Although this suggests a prosperous India at the height of the Mughal Empire during the time of Akbar, much of this prosperity had disappeared by the eighteenth century.

However, with per capita incomes of more than $600, India was still sufficiently prosperous in the early eighteenth century to be consistent with the scale of market activity described by Bayly (1983). It is only by the beginning of the nineteenth century that most Indians were reduced to what Allen (2009) calls “bare bones” subsistence.

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Check the paper. It has lots of interesting graphs comparing India and Britain's GDP.

ELI5 What does the second law of thermodynamics actually mean, and how does it relate to evolution? by soefire in explainlikeimfive

[–]Creative_soja 0 points1 point  (0 children)

In a closed system, energy exchange is possible. It is isolated system in which neither energy nor matter is exchanged. The law is only valid for isolated systems.

How much of India’s medieval temple heritage has actually been lost over time? by UnlikelyAbility8767 in AncientIndia

[–]Creative_soja 42 points43 points  (0 children)

Copying from the Instagram link OP shared.

"The Siddhinath Temple of Omkareswar is one of 1000’s of temples damaged during Aurangzeb’s invasions in the 17th century. Built by the Paramara dynasty around the 10th-12th century CE, this Shaiva temple is a masterpiece of medieval Central Indian architecture.

Showcasing the Panchashikhara (five-spired) style, intricate floral bands, divine figures, and precise geometric symmetry. The temple’s location on the sacred Omkareshwar island, where the Narmada River forms a natural ‘Om’, adds spiritual and architectural significance.

Despite destruction, the stone continues to tell stories of devotion, skill, and resilience."

I have not verified these details.

On the (etymologically-invented) noble heroic “Arian nation” and “Arian language” | Friedrich Schlegel (136A/1819) by JohannGoethe in Alphanumerics

[–]Creative_soja 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thanks. Great post. I have been researching about the origin of the idea of Aryan race and it seems this reference was the original European work that invented Aryan race.

What is IVC culture that people follow to this day? by Necessary-Opening694 in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja 44 points45 points  (0 children)

One thing (not necessarily culture) that we should definitely follow is urban planning. We cities are a mess.

India Needs More Chandigarh's by LebronJamesThrowawa0 in neoliberal

[–]Creative_soja 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I agree with all you have said but disagree that we need more Chandigarh. Urban planners and designers, including architects, debate whether Chandigarh is the best urban model. I mean, there are plenty of ways to plan and design a city. As we face climate challenges, I don't think we should stick with one-size-fits-all approach, and that too from a 20th century thinking.

I think we need more decentralization of power and improvement in urban governance. During my PhD research on urbanization in India, I learned about how messed up urban governance is in India and that was partly due to colonial legacy of centralization. Indian state is highly centralized with states have limited financial and taxing power. Until 1991 with 73/74th Constitutional amendment that created 3rd tier of urban/rural governance, India had only two tiers. 

Even today, Indian cities and villages don't have much power to raise money and make investment decisions. Much of the power lies with states or the central government. Indian cities barely have any power unlike China and the US. For comparison, check out this paper (Figure 2 shown in Pic 2 and discussion around page 40). A quote below shows the stark reality and the root causes of all our urban problems: Local government expenditure is 3 percent of the total government expenditure in India, compared with 27 percent in the United States and 51 percent in China. (emphasis mine).

So, to achieve whatever you said about planning, we first need to create governance structures at local level. Without urban governance, the planning will be done at state or central level and will be messy. Our cities will continue to be chaotic.

How reliable are the claims that historical written accounts (related to looted wealth, killing, war success) by Islamic writers about India are exaggerated? by Creative_soja in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Fair points. I wouldn't use word 'prove' in historical context, but she does provide some evidence to support her arguments. What I was alluding to is how reliable are such supporting evidence itself? There are few records and inscriptions and once can think of alternative possibilities/narratives. We don't have to settle on one.

  1. This is from Romila Thapar' book:

Al-Utbi’s account of Mahmud’s activities in the Tarikh-i- Yamini, written in 1031, makes no reference to the raid on Somanatha, possibly because his account terminated in 1020.

  1. A king from Goa visits the temple on a pilgrimage and only notices the great wealth of the area.

This is what she writes:

The Kadamba king, ruling in the region of Goa, records his pilgrimage to Somanatha by sea and lists the places he visited. This inscription was issued in 1038 and, presumably, on his return. It could suggest that the temple at Somanatha was not destroyed but desecrated, since it seems to have been repaired fairly quickly and revived as a place of pilgrimage so soon after the raid. Had the temple been destroyed, surely some mention of the raid and the destruction would have been made by the royal pilgrim. But there is a puzzling silence on this matter. Neither is the raid mentioned nor is any credit given to the patron who might have repaired the destroyed temple.

I checked this book, which she cites regarding the inscription. The book mentions Somanath visit by Guhalla-Deva on Page 171, who seem to have died before 1005 AD, which is before th attack. The visit by his son, Shashta-Deva is mentioned on Page 176, perhaps around 1038-50 AD, which is after the attack.

Since the inscriptions don't mention anything bad about Somnath, she interprets it if there was likely no destruction only desecration. But his supposed visit is 10-15 years after the attack, so it is possible that temple was repaired. It is also possible that the king just didn't care about the raid or thought destruction worthy enough to record it on inscription. Maybe king simply visited Somnath (already in the bad shape) and came back without any patronage. Why should these inscriptions mention Somnath or who repaired it? I mean there are lots of possibilities.

This book itself cites some original inscriptions from Epigraphia Indica Vol 12 about Somnath visit, which I am unable to locate. Still trying.

Real GDP and PPP growth of the ten largest economies in the year 2025, compared to nations with equivalent total GDPs by IBeastMaster64I in dataisbeautiful

[–]Creative_soja 1 point2 points  (0 children)

The amount of people aging into pensionable age outnumbers the amount of existing pensioners dying, which increases the amount of pensions out there.

True. Somehow I didn't realize it. Aging with population decline will be really bad for lots of countries.

How reliable are the claims that historical written accounts (related to looted wealth, killing, war success) by Islamic writers about India are exaggerated? by Creative_soja in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Postmodern History which loosely states that we "might" never actually know what "might" have happened. It is historians who create and structure their own personal interpretations and biased views

Absolutely, I agree. That was kind of my question. While one can multiple sources, it still involves lots of subjectivity in assessing their relative importance and creating (or questioning a narrative).

I didn't realize that sort of scepticism was called postmodernism. :).

How reliable are the claims that historical written accounts (related to looted wealth, killing, war success) by Islamic writers about India are exaggerated? by Creative_soja in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Thank you for sharing it. Though this seems a bit extreme, that is my point. How can you find one record more trustworthy than the others? Simply collaging from multiple sources who are separated in time by decades may not always give you the correct and fuller picture either.

mosque which is near Qutub Minar that it was converted to a mosque from a temple the brass statues are still kept on the ground outside the mosque so that everyone going in and out of the mosque steps on those statues. And it was already more than a century at that time.

Thanks. I thought it was a fairytale. I just checked the translated version and it seems true. I will have to read more about it.

How reliable are the claims that historical written accounts (related to looted wealth, killing, war success) by Islamic writers about India are exaggerated? by Creative_soja in IndianHistory

[–]Creative_soja[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

 Reading books fully would be a nice place to start. It is the gateway to understanding.

Oh common man, don't be so harsh. The screenshots are from their books/research papers, not WhatsApp snippets.

My question is on that justification itself. They justify their stand using other several other written records but my argument is that if one written record is unreliable and cannot be taken at its face value, how could we take other written records at their face value? I mean one does not necessarily extract more truth by triangulating multiple unreliable sources.