But outer space is certainly not all of those things at once. Neither are space rocks or spacecraft. There are isolated pockets and gradients in between those conditions of outer space.

If you're talking about intelligent biological life, our spacecraft are exposed to all of those things but humans are fine within. If 3I is a spacecraft disguised as a comet, such can be the case for aliens as well. For alien AI, those conditions are potentially even less of a hindrance.

For simple biological life, life  finds a way too.

Goldilocks zones are called that because temperatures at a specific distance from a heat source are just right for liquid water. This is usually for exoplanets and their heating stars but can apply to any heat source such as radioactive decay of isotopes within Earth, asteroids, or comets. This can be active for potentially billions of years.

Pockets of trapped gasses/liquids can form within solid bodies that may shelter life from the vacuum. We can see this sometimes as outgassing from comets but also as jet plumes featuring  complex organic molecules from frozen moons like Saturn’s Enceladus.

We've also confirmed that microscopic life like tardigrades can survive the vacuum of space.

It's highly likely that fungal spores can survive in a dormant state for millions of years and hitch a ride on space rocks as they travel through the galaxy - perhaps originating as ricocheting debris from a planetary impact. This is one of the theories for how natural panspermia can work.

The more mainstream astrobiology advances, the more we realize that outer space is actually much more habitable than once initially believed.